Ecotourism: A form of tourism that values natural conditions and ecological parks. Spain experienced significant development in this sector following the traditional tourism crisis of 1989.
Cultural Tourism: A model based on the historical, cultural, and artistic heritage of cities.
Sun and Beach Tourism: A model introduced in Spain in the 1960s, characterized by an abundant supply that attracted a massive clientele to coastal areas.
Rural Tourism (Agro-tourism): A model that exploits the natural and cultural conditions of rural areas and their associated activities.
Migration Dynamics
Emigration: The departure of people from their place of origin. Many Spanish regions experienced high emigration rates until 1950.
Immigration: The arrival of people to a destination. Currently, Spain is a primary destination for foreign immigrants.
Internal Migration: The movement of population within national borders, such as transhumance and the rural exodus of the 1960s.
External Migration: Population movements outside national borders for political or economic reasons, such as the migration from Spain to Europe in the 1960s or migration to the Americas.
Rural Exodus: A characteristic Spanish migratory movement of the 1960s involving the displacement of rural populations to urban centers.
Migratory Balance: The balance between emigration and immigration. A positive balance indicates net immigration, while a negative balance indicates net emigration.
Xenophobia: Feelings of hatred toward foreigners based on radical, religious, social, or economic prejudices.
Illegal Immigration: People entering a country illegally. These numbers are difficult to estimate; such individuals often occupy low-wage jobs and face marginalization.
Immigrant Groups: Entry quotas for immigrants set by the administration, often restrictive to prevent excessive population growth.
Administrative Organization
Autonomous Status: The basic rules of an autonomous region, recognized by the Spanish Constitution, containing the community name, territory, seat of government, and official languages.
Autonomous Community: A territorial entity within the Spanish constitutional order endowed with legislative and executive powers and self-administration.
Municipality: A territorial and political division of the state with fiscal and administrative autonomy, aimed at improving the quality of life.
Deputation (Diputación): A representative corporation for the government and administration of a province, formed by the sum of the territories of its municipalities.
