Spanish Poetry Second Half 20th Century Movements

1. The Essay Text Type

The essay is a type of text in which the author shows his point of view on a topic in a free and willing style.

Features:

• Variety: Subjectivity in theme: Displays an opinion.
• Argument Authority: The author uses quotations and arguments from authority to defend their opinions.
• Persuasion: The author attempts to convince the reader.
• Clarity and Order: Usually didactic or reflective.

Classification:

• Literary: The intention is primarily estética (aesthetic).
• Expo-interpretation: Makes analysis of phenomena and situations.
• Journalist: Searches recorded facts and deepens relatively in their interpretation.

2. Poetry of the Second Half of the Twentieth Century in Spain

The 1940s: A Period of Recovery

In the 40s, a recovery period began. Poetic groups gathered around different magazines:

• "Garcilaso": Poetry is traditional in form, and the subject turns away from Spanish reality.
• Leopoldo Panero: His poetry is important, focusing on pain and anguish.
• Blas Otero - Song: Poetry is a verbal creation that shows reality.
• Pablo García Baena

The 1950s and 1960s: Social Concern

The 50s are characterized by social poetry. The 60s poetry is a form of knowledge, and poets are concerned about humans.

• Blas de Otero: In his poems, where simplicity dominates, he denounced the lack of freedom. Key work: "I Ask for Peace and the Word".
• Gabriel Celaya: In works like 'The Rest Is Silence', he aims to change the injustice that surrounds us.
• Jaime Gil de Biedma: In works such as 'People of the Verb', he mixes conversational language and a sense of humor with criticism of the situation in Spain.
• José Agustín Goytisolo: Combines lyricism, irony, and the feeling of love with a critical version of the contemporary world. Key work: 'Something Happens'.
• Claudio Rodríguez: Exalts rural life and harmony. Key work: 'Don of Drunkenness'.
• Félix Grande: Mixes passion and simplicity with experimentalism. Key work: "Complete Poetry".
• José Angel Valente: Covers topics such as emptiness, nothingness, or the existence of God. Key work: "Zero Point".

Latest Trends (Post-1970)

Pere Gimferrer

In his work, complicated and obscure language dominates, covering topics such as the passage of time and the loss of youth. Key work: "Arde el Mar".

Ana Maria Moix

Characterized by the use of collage in works such as "Call Me Stone".

Antonio Martínez Carrión

In his work, he incorporates myths, heroes... Key work: 'Theatre of Operations'.

Leopoldo María Panero

His poetry has a conceptual character. Key work: 'Poetry 1970-1985'.

Spanish Poetry from 1980 Until Today

Spanish poetry from 1980 until today features different poetic movements:

Classical and Traditional Poetry

Poets return to classical forms and themes like love, death, and nature.

• Andrés Trapiello (Easy Life)
• Antonio Carvajal (Serenade)

Poetry Vanguard

Expresses emotions from the subconscious.

• Castro
• Julio Luisa
• Blanco
• Llamazares
• Andreu

Poetry of Experience

Poets draw closer to reality and include elements of the comic.

• Carlos Marzal (Valencia)

Poetry of Silence

A reflective poetry that departs from the narrative.

• José Ángel Valente (No Dawns Singer)
• Andrea Sánchez Robayna (White Fire)