The Short Life of the First Spanish Republic (1873-1874)
prim.Rep is proclaimed the Republic on February 11, 1873. At this time, will have an important socio-political change is the abandonment of the Democrats and the growing power of the Republican party. Thus the civil power had assumed the power that the military and the Church. In addition, it enhances the federalist idea that emerges is cantonalism and the division of powers within the Republican world, between Republicans and most Democrats evolutionary. The process of the Republic is divided into:
1.Denuncia of Amadeus of Savoy. 2.Se produces a vacuum of power that causes a crisis in society and the economy. 3.Crisis at Hacienda enhanced by the Carlist War, in turn, leads to the development of moderate line of the army and there is an agricultural crisis and the lack of development generated by fear of the bourgeoisie. In addition, not supported by the European powers. In this situation, you get the first appointment of the first president of the republic: Estanislao Figueras, where he continues Pi Maragall, later to end Salmerón Castelar.
After the first two presidents, has not been fixed as the political question, Margall calls elections. Elections tend to federalism and Pi and Margall decide to make a federal and republican constitution. Elections are one abstention majority, and it makes a new constitution that arose among the 16 states that came to Cuba, which is divided into municipalities, regional states and the federal state. Was raised for the first time a non-centralist state, who say it is the basis for a future Spanish nationalism. After that, things have not been settled in Spain and the Republic try to fix the situation.
Pi and Margall fail and raises the third president of the Republic: Salmerón, which focuses more to pacify the south of the peninsula and encourage the bourgeoisie to get Spain out of the crisis. With all this, there is a military conflict and Salmeron refuses to sign a death sentence against the movement's leaders Cantonalist. Then ascended to the throne the fourth President: Emilio Castelar which focused more on social areas where abandoned the Federalists and reformist ideas.
On January 3, 1874 opened the Courts and the government was defeated Castelar. Was imminent, the formation of a leftist government but, knowing this, the captain general of New Castile, Manuel Pavia, demanded the dissolution of the Republican Parliament, where there was little resistance.
The general comes to power Serrano, favoring the union between unionists and progressives. In December 1874, military coup delivered by Arsenio Martinez Campos, who assumes the republican movement ended with the signing of the Manifesto of Sandhurst who gives victory to the heir to the Spanish throne: Alfonso XII.