Mastering Spanish Pronoun Usage and Subordinate Clauses

Weak Pronouns and Direct Objects

Weak Pronouns:

• CD (Direct Object): le, la, los, las (The definite article 'the' is often used incorrectly in place of the pronoun in some contexts, e.g., le/la/los/las).
• CI (Indirect Object): te, se (You, there).
• CI Plural: les (Them).

Corrected Examples:

Take the floppy to Nuria. Take it with you.

Bring this chair to Charles. Bring it in.

Return these documents to Marta. Please give them to her.

Request photos from Peter. Ask him for them.

Subordinate Clauses

Subordinate Clauses (L):

Osubst (Direct Object Clause - CD)

Osubst Infinitive

Recognize the verb: the infinitive appears after verbs indicating ability or permission (e.g., approved leave, study).

Example: All students have managed to pass math.

Osubst Conjunctive (That Clause)

To recognize this clause, look for the particle that introduces it: usually the conjunction 'que' (that).

Example: Some students did not know that they were being examined on the language today.

Osubst Interrogative

Recognize the word that introduces the interrogative; it can be a pronoun (who, what), a determiner (which, what, what), or an adverbial pronoun (where, when, how).

Example: The inspector asked us who the delegate was.

OAdj (Adjectival Clause - CN)

These clauses modify a noun.

• The sentence that leaves at eight is direct (Subject).
• Talk with the lawyer to whom I entrusted the case. (Indirect Object)
• This is the park where there are more exotic animals. (Adverbial of Place)
• The enemy against which he fought was invincible. (Object of a Preposition - CRV)

OAdv (Adverbial Clause - cc)

Adverbial Proper Clauses

These clauses indicate:

• Time (when the train has already departed)
• Manner (as we can)
• Place (anywhere)

Adverbial Improper Clauses

These include:

• Conditional (if nothing more)
• Concessive (although we invited them)
• Causal (because they had no invitation)
• Purpose (in order to succeed)
• Consecutive (so much work that it is not enough)
• Comparative (More people visit us in winter than in summer)

Vocabulary List

Vocabulary Corrections and Definitions:

• Longifolia: Wild
• Prisada: Permanent folds
• Moixaines: Necking/Cuddling
• Manyagueries: Caresses
• Escarxofat: Done in a convenient way
• Potin: Dirty work, tardiness
• Nana's no way: No way
• Azaleas: Flowers, shrubs
• Rabejarà: Will soak/drench
• Astorada: Stampede
• Storm: Another era, old and worn
• Arnado: Will be eaten by moths
• Matrona: Substantial woman
• Eixorca: Barren, ugly
• Evil: Cancer
• Bain-marie: Suffocating atmosphere
• Soket: Free activities, shutdowns
• Romatic: Poorly ventilated
• Step: Fear
• Avalanche: Large quantity
• Patch: Chunks of farmland between two margins
• Double: Decaliters
• Tionades: Strokes of the cane
• Ufanossos: Green living
• Cerro: Neck