Mastering Passive Voice and Indirect Speech in English

Passive Voice Transformations

• 2.1. Present Simple: Active: John writes the letter. Passive: The letter is written by John.
• 2.2. Present Continuous: Active: John is writing the letter. Passive: The letter is being written by John.
• 2.3. Past Simple: Active: John wrote the letter. Passive: The letter was written by John.
• 2.4. Past Continuous: Active: John was writing the letter. Passive: The letter was being written by John.
• 2.5. Present Perfect: Active: John has written the letter. Passive: The letter has been written by John.
• 2.6. Past Perfect: Active: John had written the letter. Passive: The letter had been written by John.
• 2.7. Future (Will): Active: John will write the letter. Passive: The letter will be written by John.
• 2.8. Future (Going to): Active: John is going to write the letter. Passive: The letter is going to be written by John.

Reported Speech (Indirect Speech)

Present to Past

• "I work in Argentina" → He said that he worked in Argentina.
• "I am doing my job" → He said that he was doing his job.

Past to Past Perfect

• "We saw a good film on TV" → He said they had seen a good film on TV.
• "I was dancing with Mary" → He said he had been dancing with Mary.

Present Perfect to Past Perfect

• "I have done this before" → She said that she had done that before.
• "I have been doing this for two years" → He said that he had been doing that for two years.

Future to Conditional

• "I will visit my mother" → He said that he would visit his mother.
• "I will be flying to Spain" → He said that he would be flying to Spain.

Future Perfect to Conditional Perfect

• "I will have arrived there by 5 pm" → He said he would have arrived there by 5 pm.
• "I will have been selling books for two years" → He said that he would have been selling books for two years.

Pronouns and Adverbs

Pronouns: I → he; me → him/her; my → his/her.

Adverbs:

• now = then, at that moment
• today = that day
• here = there
• tomorrow = the next day, the following day
• yesterday = the day before, the previous day