Essential Text Types: Definition and Function
Understanding the Main Types of Texts
Texts serve various purposes, from informing and instructing to persuading and demonstrating. Understanding these classifications helps in both reading comprehension and effective writing.
Expository Texts
Expository texts aim to report on a topic of interest by presenting information clearly and objectively. They are generally divided into two categories:
1. Informative (Disclosing) Texts
These texts target a broad public sector and do not require extensive prior knowledge about the topic presented. They focus on disclosing facts and concepts.
Examples:
- Notes
- Textbooks
- Encyclopedias
- Reviews
- Lectures
- Collectibles
2. Specialized Expository Texts
These texts have a high degree of difficulty because they demand extensive prior knowledge about the subject matter.
Examples:
- Reports
- Legislation
- Research Articles
Argumentative Texts
The argumentative text aims to rebut expressed opinions or to persuade a receiver. The primary purpose of the author may be:
- To prove or demonstrate an idea (or thesis).
- To refute the opposite viewpoint.
- To persuade or dissuade the receiver regarding certain behaviors, events, or ideas.
Informational Texts (News Reporting)
This type of text is the story of a current event and public interest. The reader receives the information without any personal evaluation or opinion of the journalist who has written the story. Objectivity is key.
Instructional Texts
An instructional text is characterized by providing specific instructions, forms, and methods on how to do something. The role of an instructional text depends on what is intended to be achieved. This could involve:
- Repairing an artifact.
- Preparing a meal (recipes).