English Vocabulary and Grammar: Units 1 and 2 Study Notes
Unit 1: Vocabulary
Verbs and phrases:
- amaze: harritu
- avoid: ekidin
- dare: ausartu
- encourage: animatu
- give up: amore eman
- go wrong: gaizki atera
- prove: erakutsi
- regret: damutu
- struggle: zailtasunak izan
- support: babestu
- take risks: arriskatu
- turn back: atzera egin
Adjectives:
- ambitious: handinahi
- charming: xarmagarri
- courageous: lausart
- daring: ausart
- determined: erabaki
- fearless: ausart
- humble: umil
- influential: eraginkor
- inspiring: inspiratzaile
- passionate: sutsu
- sceptical: eszeptiko
- tough: indartsu
Grammar: Future Forms
- Be going to: person + to be + going to + infinitive verb. Used to talk about decisions or plans, and to say something is going to happen when you know it will.
- Will: person + will + infinitive verb. Used for predictions about future events and for decisions made at the moment of speaking.
- Present simple for future timetables: person + present simple verb. Used when there are schedules or timetables.
- Present continuous with future meaning: person + to be + verb-ing. Used for something you say at the moment that will happen in the near future, and also for predictions.
- Future continuous: person + will + be + verb-ing. Used to describe what you will be doing at a specific moment in the future.
Unit 2: Vocabulary
Royalty and politics:
- advisor: aholkulari
- ally: aliatu
- army: armada
- assassination: erailketa
- crown: koroa
- downfall: jauzi
- execute: exekutatu
- fate: destino
- heir: oinordeko
- kill: hil
- lead to: eraman
- loyalty: leialtasun
- outbreak: eztanda
- plot: azpijokoan aritu
- power: botere
- reign: erregetza
- relative: familiako
- rule: gobernatu
- throne: tronu
- treason: traizio
Film vocabulary:
- blockbuster: salmentan
- cast: banaketa
- leading role: paper nagusi
- low budget film: aurrekontu gutxiko filma
- main character: pertsonaia nagusia
- plot: argumentu
- rating: audientzia indize
- remake: bertsio berri
- scene: eszena
- setting: agertoki
- soundtrack: soinu banda
- special effects: efektu bereziak
- spoiler: errebelazio
- twist: ezusteko norabide aldaketa
Grammar: Relative Pronouns and Some/Any
- Who: people
- Which / that: things and animals
- Where: places
- When: time
- Whose: possession (the one that belongs to)
Some is used in affirmative sentences and in questions expecting a positive answer:
- someone (somebody)
- somewhere (some place)
- something
Any is used in questions, and with negative sentences:
- anyone / anybody (questions: someone; negatives: no one)
- anywhere (questions: some place; negatives: nowhere)
- anything (questions: something; negatives: nothing)