Home / Notes / English /

English Verb Tenses, Irregular Verbs, and Conditionals

English5.97 KB

English Verb Tenses Summary

Note: S = Subject, V-inf = Verb Infinitive, P.P. = Past Participle

Tense TypePastPresentFuture
Simple
  • +: S + V-ed (or irregular)
  • -: S + didn't + V-inf
  • ?: Did + S + V-inf
  • + (I/you/we/they): S + V-inf
  • + (he/she/it): S + V-inf + s
  • - (I/you/we/they): S + don't + V-inf
  • - (he/she/it): S + doesn't + V-inf
  • ? (I/you/we/they): Do + S + V-inf
  • ? (he/she/it): Does + S + V-inf
  • +: S + will + V-inf
  • -: S + will not + V-inf
  • ?: Will + S + V-inf
Continuous
  • + (he/she/it): S + was + V-ing
  • + (we/you/they): S + were + V-ing
  • - (he/she/it): S + wasn't + V-ing
  • - (we/you/they): S + weren't + V-ing
  • ? (he/she/it): Was + S + V-ing
  • ? (we/you/they): Were + S + V-ing
  • +: S + (am/are/is) + V-ing
  • -: S + (am/are/is) + not + V-ing
  • ?: (Am/Are/Is) + S + V-ing
  • +: S + will + be + V-ing
  • -: S + will not + be + V-ing
  • ?: Will + S + be + V-ing
Perfect
  • +: S + had + Past Participle (P.P.)
  • -: S + had not + P.P.
  • ?: Had + S + P.P.
  • + (I/you/we/they): S + have + P.P.
  • + (he/she/it): S + has + P.P.
  • - (I/you/we/they): S + have not + P.P.
  • - (he/she/it): S + has not + P.P.
  • ? (I/you/we/they): Have + S + P.P.
  • ? (he/she/it): Has + S + P.P.
  • +: S + will + have + P.P.
  • -: S + will not + have + P.P.
  • ?: Will + S + have + P.P.

Common Irregular Verbs Reference

(Base Form: Past Simple / Past Participle)

  • Be: was/were / been
  • Become: became / become
  • Begin: began / begun
  • Blow: blew / blown
  • Break: broke / broken
  • Bring: brought / brought
  • Build: built / built
  • Buy: bought / bought
  • Catch: caught / caught
  • Come: came / come
  • Cost: cost / cost
  • Cut: cut / cut
  • Do: did / done
  • Draw: drew / drawn
  • Drink: drank / drunk
  • Drive: drove / driven
  • Eat: ate / eaten
  • Fall: fell / fallen
  • Feel: felt / felt
  • Find: found / found
  • Fly: flew / flown
  • Forget: forgot / forgotten
  • Give: gave / given
  • Go: went / gone
  • Have: had / had
  • Hear: heard / heard
  • Know: knew / known
  • Learn: learnt / learnt
  • Let: let / let
  • Lose: lost / lost
  • Make: made / made
  • Mean: meant / meant
  • Meet: met / met
  • Pay: paid / paid
  • Put: put / put
  • Read: read / read
  • Ride: rode / ridden
  • Ring: rang / rung
  • Run: ran / run
  • Say: said / said
  • See: saw / seen
  • Send: sent / sent
  • Show: showed / shown
  • Sing: sang / sung
  • Sit: sat / sat
  • Sleep: slept / slept
  • Speak: spoke / spoken
  • Spell: spelt / spelt
  • Swim: swam / swum
  • Take: took / taken
  • Teach: taught / taught
  • Tell: told / told
  • Think: thought / thought
  • Win: won / won
  • Write: wrote / written

Understanding Conditional Sentences

The Zero Conditional

Used for facts, habits, and general truths.

Structure: If + Present Simple, ... Present Simple

Example: If they study, they pass the exams.

The First Conditional

Used for real or likely situations in the future.

Structure: If + Present Simple, ... will + Infinitive

Example: If they study, they will pass the exams.

The Second Conditional

Used for unreal or hypothetical situations in the present or future.

Structure: If + Past Simple, ... would + Infinitive

Example: If they studied, they would pass the exams.

The Third Conditional

Used for hypothetical situations in the past (regrets or missed opportunities).

Structure: If + Past Perfect, ... would + have + Past Participle

Example: If they had studied, they would have passed the exams.

Download

PDF Word HTML