English Grammar Rules and Examples

Passive Voice

to be + verb. (participle)

Prest. simple: (is/are) + STOLEN

Prest. continous : (is/are) + BEING + STOLEN

Past simple: (was/were) + STOLEN

MODALS: (MUST/CAN/SHOULD) + BE + STOLEN

- They told me the truth.

- I was told the truth.(Em van dir la veritat.)

- The truth was told to me.

Causative

HAVE/GET + SOMETHING + DONE

- I had my house painted last summer.

- We are getting our car fixed this afternoon.

Impersonal Passive

(say, believe, claim, know, report, think, consider, mention...)

People believe the president is unfair.

It is believed that the president is unfair.

Relative Sentences

DEFINING RELATIVE.

NON-DEFINING RELATIVE: entre comas, nunca THAT, nunca se omite el pronombre.

PERSON: who/whom (a quien/a quienes)/that

- The teacher (who) Alice is talking to is strict.

- The teacher to WHOM Alice is talking to is strict.

THING: which/ that.

POSSESSIVE: whose.

PLACE: where.

TIME: when.

Conditional Clauses

TYPE 0: IF + present simple + present simple.

Facts & General truths.

FIRST TYPE: IF + present simple + future WILL.

Concret situations, something posible/likely, plans, promises.

SECOND TYPE: IF + past simple + would.

Unlikely, dream, advice.

THIRD TYPE: IF + past perfect (had + 3a col./-ed)+ would have +participle

Past & Regreats.

WISH= IF ONLY.

1. Present wish: WISH + PAST SIMPLE.

- Would like to change.

- Regreat (arrepentimiento) (present).

2. Past wish: WISH + PAST PERFECT.

- Regreat (arrepentimiento) (past)

3. Something bother us in the present: WISH + WOULD.

(algo que molesta)

Present Perfect Continuous

SUB. + HAS/HAVE + BEEN + ING.

haven't been ing

Has she been waiting?

Acción pasada que dura en el tiempo al presente.

Acción con resultados aparentes.

Key words: for a year, since, all night/morning, day/week...

Past Perfect Continuous

SUB. + HAD + BEEN + ING

hadn't been ing

had they coming?

acció acabada.

Key words: Already, by the time, after, before, until, never, just...

set up -manipular la situacion para sacar provecho

split up - tallar

make up - fer les paus

turn down - ser rebujat

open up - obrir-se

settle down - sentar cap

see though - veure venir algú

moved on- superar

told of - renyar

drop by/ stop by - quedar-se a casa d'algú

drive away - apartar algú

lead on- enredar

trudging back - fer esporços per arribar a un lloc

alike - semblants

misconception -malentés

unheard of - desconegut

straightforward - directe

outlook - punt de vista

overwhelming - arrassador

catch slight to - adonar-se

catch someone re-hunded

fall into place - tot es posarà al seu lloc

lose slight of - pendre la vista

lose sleep over - no perdre el son per algo

shy about - fa vergonya

aware of - ser conscient d'algo

fons of - slgo t'agrada molt

shocked by - impressionat per

familiar with - familiaritzar amb

safe from - fora de perill

succescul at - tenir éxit en