English Grammar: Reported Speech, Passive Voice, and Tense Shifts

English12 May 20263.11 KB

Reported Speech: Tense and Modal Transformations

Direct Speech	Reported Speech
Present Simple: He rides a bicycle	Past Simple: He said that he rode a bicycle
Present Continuous: He is riding a bicycle	Past Continuous: He said that he was riding a bicycle
Present Perfect: He has ridden a bicycle	Past Perfect: He said that he had ridden a bicycle
Past Simple: He rode a bicycle	Past Perfect: He said that he had ridden a bicycle
Will: He will ride a bicycle	Would: He said that he would ride a bicycle
Must/Have to: He must/has to ride a bicycle	Had to: He said that he had to ride a bicycle
May: He may ride a bicycle	Might: He said that he might ride a bicycle
Might: He might ride a bicycle	-
Can: He can ride a bicycle	Could: He said that he could ride a bicycle
Could: He could ride a bicycle	-
Had to: He had to ride a bicycle	-
Should: He should ride a bicycle	-

Active Voice	Passive Voice
Present Simple: I write the letter	The letter is written by me
Present Continuous: I am writing the letter	The letter is being written by me
Past Simple: I wrote the letter	The letter was written by me
Past Continuous: I was writing the letter	The letter was being written by me
Present Perfect: I have written the letter	The letter has been written by me
Past Perfect: I had written the letter	The letter had been written by me
Will: I will write the letter	The letter will be written by me
Must: I must write the letter	The letter must be written by me
Be going to: I am going to write the letter	The letter is going to be written by me