Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Teacher training

How Students Should Prepare and Deliver a Group Presentation

What Should Be Taken into Account Regarding Language in Academic Writing and Presentation/Layout?

• Impersonal, linking words, formal, terminology
• Grammar: passive, punctuation, prepositions, tenses, word forms, articles
• Presentation/layout: Font, size, spacing, cover page, page numbers
• Reference list on a separate page

What is Communication Apprehension and What Are Its Symptoms?

• Fear/anxiety of speaking in public: physiological reaction (‘thinking brain ‘off’; brain stem ‘on’; release of hormones, adrenalin; become more instinctive and less rational)
• Speech anxiety: fear before an event
• Stage fright: fear when in the communicative situation
• Symptoms: body temp. rises, sweating, butterflies

Job Application Email Examples

Civil Engineer Application

Dear Sir or Madam,

I am writing to you to apply for the position of Civil Engineer advertised in November's issue of Concrete International. As you can see from my resume, I have been working for three different companies in the past, two of them were North American firms. I have known that your company is now offering entry-level positions in Europe, and I would have no problem relocating, since at the moment, no personal circumstances would prevent me from doing so.

I strongly believe that my experience, though not extensive, could prove beneficial, just as the know-how I could get from this cooperation. Please find enclosed my resume, and do not hesitate to contact me at the phone numbers...

ELEANITZ PROIEKTUA

The methodology is centred on the child’s psycho-cognitive needs. The sequencing of linguistic contents is done according to natural language acquisition processes and the classroom contexts. (Indirectly)

At the age of 4, children start learning English because of their flexibility and capabilities.

To learn a language it is necessary to use it, so the teacher has to create an “Only English” communicative situation. (Interaction)

Their basic teaching technique is “the format”.

There are two different types of formats:

1. Non-narrative formats are everyday repetitive situations; for example, beginning a class.
2. Narrative formats are collective and repeated dramatisations of stories based on life experiences; for example, role-

What is Scaffolding and How is it Implemented?

Scaffolding is the support/guidance/assistance given to a learner during the period of learning until he/she can do a task on their own.

By using scaffolding, the teacher:

1. Maintains student's interest.
2. Encourages learners to communicate.
3. Promotes activities in which all learners are encouraged to participate.

Explain What is ZPD (Vygotsky's Social Constructivism)

The period in which a learner passes from doing something with help, to doing it without guidance.

Describe CLT and its 10 Principles (Communicative Language Teaching)

It's a language approach (or method) that promotes

Modal Verbs in English

Obligation:

• Must (deber, tener que)
• Have to (tener que)

Must is used for orders and strong obligations, while have to is often used in a more general sense.

Prohibition:

• Mustn't (no deber)
• Can't (no poder)

Mustn't is more commonly used.

Necessity:

• Need to (necesitar)

Permission:

• Can (poder)
• May (poder)
• Could (podría)

Can and could are used more informally, while may is more formal.

No Necessity:

• Needn't (no necesitar)
• Don't have to (no es necesario que...)

Recommendations, Advice, Opinions:

• Should (deberías)
• Ought to (deberías)

Negative recommendations: Shouldn't and Oughtn't

Ability:

• Can (present)
• Be able to (future)
• Could (past)

Understanding Advice, Nouns, and Suffixes

A piece of advice: un consejo
Advisable: aconsejable
Advise: aconsejar...

Criticism is the activity displayed by the reader to identify the strengths, weaknesses, and inconsistencies of a text in order to accept, reject, or suggest modifications.

Criticism fosters progress, achievement, and advances knowledge of the truth.

Steps to Critique a Reading:

1. Synthesize information from different texts and/or experts on the subject.
2. Engage in critical discussion.
3. Accept, reject, or modify the reading's content.
4. Put the reading into practice with prior planning.
5. Enrich the reading by observing and recording the results of practice.

• Critical reading is a technique for discovering ideas and information within a written text.
• Critical thinking is a technique for evaluating information and ideas to decide what to accept and believe.

Formal Parent-Teacher Meeting Request

Subject: Request for a Meeting Regarding [Student’s Name]

Dear Mr. and Mrs. [Last Name],

I hope this email finds you well. I would like to schedule a meeting with you to discuss [Student’s Name]’s progress in my class. I believe it would be beneficial to review their academic performance, strengths, and areas for improvement.

Please let me know your availability this week or next so we can arrange a suitable time. We can meet in person at the school or via a video call, whichever is more convenient for you.

Thank you for your time and cooperation. I look forward to our discussion.

Best regards,

Informal Parent-Teacher Meeting Request

Subject: Quick Chat About [Student’s Name]

Hi [Parent’s First Name],

I...

The Nazis used a number of methods to take advantage of the economic and political problems of the Weimar Republic. They focused on: the appeal of Hitler, the activities of the SA, skillful use of propaganda. During election campaigns in 1930-32, the Nazis presented Hitler as the strong leader that Germany needed and was looking for. In posters, his appearance was changed and he was shown to have almost superhuman strength. When making speeches, for example at Nazi rallies, Hitler developed a powerful and convincing personal style. He said he was Germany's last hope and he promised a better future. These messages were very popular with people who were desperate to see Germany become strong again. Hitler made sure his messages would appeal to...

Past Simple

Use: For a past finished action.

Past Continuous

Use: For an...

COMMUNITY LANGUAGE LEARNING (CLL)

Who Invented It?

Charles A. Curran

How Is It Carried Out?

A group of learners sits in a circle with the teacher standing outside the circle. A student whispers a message in their native language to the teacher. The teacher translates it into the foreign language. The student repeats the message in the foreign language. Students then compose further messages in the foreign language.

What Are the Five Stages in CLL?

1. Birth Stage: A feeling of security and belonging is established.
2. The learner's abilities improve.
3. The learner speaks independently and may need to assert his or her own identity.
4. The learner is seen as secure enough to take criticism.
5. The learner works upon improving style and knowledge.

When Is CLL Used?

It...