Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and exercises for Sport and physical education for Secondary education

Biological or Natural Methods

These methods strictly control birth without using any chemical or physical agents.

1. Coitus Interruptus

• Involves removing the penis from the vaginal canal before ejaculation.

Note: This method is generally not recommended as it can bring conflict and disruption to the couple. Confidence levels are often very low, as it requires full human self-control.

2. Periodic Abstinence or Rhythm Method

This involves avoiding intercourse during the woman's fertile period (ovulation).

• The menstrual cycle begins on the first day of menstruation and ends the day before the next.
• Ovulation typically occurs between days 12 and 16 of the menstrual cycle.
• This method varies depending on whether the menstrual cycle is regular or irregular.

1. Origins and History of Hockey

Have you played sports like hockey in the past? Where do we find signs of a form of hockey similar to today?

• Japan: A game known as Buli is considered an antecedent to modern hockey.
• Greece: Ancient records show a form of hockey very similar to the present version.

2. Types of Hockey and Olympic Status

What forms of hockey exist, which are Olympic, and which are commonly used in schools?

• Varieties: Ice hockey, field hockey, roller hockey, and floor hockey.
• Olympic Sports: Field hockey and ice hockey.
• School Sports: Floor hockey is the most commonly used version in schools.

3. The Objective of Hockey

The goal of the game is to score more goals than the opposition while strictly respecting the rules.

4. Major Penalties in

Métodos de Electrización

Electrización por Frotamiento

Consiste en frotar un cuerpo contra otro. En este proceso, algunos de los electrones pasan de un cuerpo al otro. Si ambos cuerpos son neutros inicialmente, el que pierde electrones queda cargado positivamente y el que los gana queda con carga negativa. Así, un cuerpo neutro adquiere carga al frotarse contra otro.

Electrización por Contacto

Ocurre cuando un cuerpo cargado positivamente toca a otro cuerpo neutro. En el momento del contacto, la energía que hay de uno pasa al otro cuerpo; por lo tanto, las cargas del mismo signo se repelen. Un cuerpo neutro se carga al ponerlo en contacto físico con un cuerpo electrizado.

Electrización por Inducción

Se produce cuando un cuerpo cargado se...

Linguistic and Literary Terminology

Core Concepts and Definitions

• Precept: A binding rule or principle.
• Pillar: A fundamental element that supports a structure (e.g., agriculture).
• Pilgrim: A person who, by devotion or vow, visits a shrine or holy place.
• Sentence: A grammatical unit of expression, often used in home worship or education.
• Sustain: To hold something up or support it.
• Section: A specific part of a newspaper or a defined area.
• Semantics: The branch of linguistics that studies the meaning of words.
• Morpheme: The smallest unit of meaning added to a lexeme that qualifies or changes its inflection or significance.
• Monastery/Convent: A house where a monastic community lives.
• Legal: To manifest truth by putting God as a witness.
• Will: The ability

Key Considerations for Session Development

• Time Allocation: Distribute time based on the importance of each segment relative to the total session content.
• Maximize Practice: Prioritize active practice time while minimizing long lectures or waiting in lines.
• Evaluation Focus: Dedicate priority attention to activities that will be subject to future assessment.
• Progressive Difficulty: Syndicate work content in order of increasing complexity.
• Review: Begin sessions by reviewing concepts from the previous meeting.
• Practical Application: Promote content that workers can clearly apply to real-world activities.
• Physical Demands: Rationally distribute physical demands by alternating strenuous exercises with leisurely ones.
• Organizational Consistency: Use varied

Cougar (Puma) — Facts, Habitat and Conservation

El Puma

The cougar is a carnivore that is distributed throughout the Americas, especially in mountainous and forested regions.

It belongs to the Felidae family and can reach six feet in body length (excluding the tail) and about 65 inches at the shoulder.

It can jump thirty feet on level ground and up to 12 feet from the branch of a tree.

It has a flexible body that lengthens its stride; its muscles contract and stretch under the skin.

This is a quiet cat, moving stealthily and is the terror of animals such as goats, deer and elk; it also preys on mice, fish and birds. From the top of a tree it stalks its victims and jumps onto their backs, breaking their spines.

Mountain lions are born after a gestation...

The Central Nervous System

The brain is divided into two hemispheres with surface protrusions called gyri and grooves called fissures. The outermost part consists of gray matter, known as the cerebral cortex, which receives information from organs and sends response orders. The inner zone consists of white matter, which stores and processes information.

The Cerebellum

Located below the brain, the cerebellum is divided into two hemispheres and features cerebellar convolutions. It coordinates movements such as walking, grasping objects, and maintaining balance.

The Brainstem

The brainstem connects the brain to the spinal cord. It controls vital automatic functions, including heart rate, blood flow, respiratory movements, and the digestive tract.

The

Human Skeletal System

The skeletal system is the framework of the human body, consisting of approximately 206 bones. It provides stiffness, flexibility, and elasticity.

Key Features

• Unique Bone: The hyoid bone (located in the neck) is the only bone that is not articulated.
• Bone Types:
  • Long: Femur, radius, ulna.
  • Flat: Skull bones, shoulder blades.
  • Short: Vertebrae, ear bones.

Bone Functions

• Support and protection of internal organs.
• Production of red blood cells.
• Enables movement by acting as levers for muscles.
• Storage of minerals.

Distribution of Bones

• Head: Skull (8), face (14), hyoid (1), ear (6).
• Vertebral Column: Cervical (7), thoracic (12), lumbar (5), sacrum (1), coccyx (1).
• Chest: Ribs (24), sternum (1), thoracic vertebrae.
• Upper Limbs: Girdle (4),

The Force and Muscle Strength

The force is the capability that allows a person to create muscular tension in order to overcome an overload. Muscle strength can manifest itself in different ways:

Types of Muscle Strength

Peak Force

Peak force: the tension the muscles must generate to overcome a maximal opposition. Weightlifting (halterofilia) is an example of work that develops peak force.

Power or Explosive Strength

Power or explosive strength: overcoming a small resistance by applying maximum speed.

Strength Endurance

Strength endurance: repeated muscular strength efforts performed over time.

The Force and the Mechanism of Muscle Contraction

Muscles shorten in length during muscle contraction. When muscles remain contracted to hold the skeleton, this...

Hull: Protection Basics

The hull is a fundamental element of protection in inline skating; it is not an accessory. Basically, you will find 3 types of helmets:

• Helmets for bicycles.
• Ventilated type (for aggressive skating).
• Ventilated type (for aggressive skating).

The bicycle helmet type is most appropriate for fitness skating, offering good protection without sacrificing too much comfort.

Braking with a Heel Stop

This is a simple and powerful braking method, essential for beginners. Please install the brake blocks (including one on each flange). When you develop good technique, you can consider whether to dispense with them or not.

In-line skates are placed in the rear. The movement consists of lifting the front wheels of the skate so the heel contacts...