Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and exercises for Sport and physical education for Primary education

Physiological Responses and Adaptation to Exercise

Exercising muscles require a significant increase in oxygen delivery. As an adaptive response to aerobic exercise, the left ventricle mass and volume increase.

Signs and Symptoms of Cardiac Distress

• Chest Pain: Angina
• Dyspnea: Shortness of breath
• Fatigue: Unusual exhaustion
• Palpitations: Irregular heartbeats
• Syncope: Fainting
• Claudication: Limping
• Dermatological Indicators: Changes in skin and nail temperature, color, or appearance
• Edema: Swelling

Minimum Components for Preparticipation Physicals

Screening should include a review of family history regarding premature death of a relative younger than 50 years diagnosed with heart disease. Clinical indicators include:

• Heart murmur
• Hypertension
• Unusual fatigue
• Exertional

Essential English Vocabulary and Definitions

• Artifact: An object that was made a long time ago and is historically important.
• Attire: The clothes that someone is wearing.
• Aversion: A strong feeling that you don’t like someone.
• Burly: A burly man is fat and strong.
• Craving: A very strong feeling of wanting something.
• Crossness: Irritability or anger.
• Crouch down: To move your body close to the ground by bending your knees and leaning forwards slightly (ponerse de cuclillas).
• Dial: To press the numbers on a phone in order to call someone.
• Doomed: Certain to fail.
• Drawl: To speak slowly with long vowels.
• Drowsily: Sleepily.
• Ellipse: A shape similar to a circle but longer than it is wide.
• Embossed: Decorated with a raised design.
• Feigned: Pretending to have

First Aid Assessment Acronyms

PERRL = Pupils, Equal, Round, React to Light

DOTS = Deformity, Open wounds, Tenderness, Swelling

SAMPLE = Signs or symptoms, Allergies, Medication, Past medical history, Last oral intake, Events leading up to the illness or injury

CSM = Circulation, Sensation, Movement

The AVPU Scale

The AVPU scale is used to determine a person's responsiveness:

• Alert
• Verbal: Responsive to verbal stimulus
• Painful: Responsive only to painful stimulus
• Unresponsive: Unresponsive to any stimulus

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

PPE stands for Personal Protective Equipment. A commonly used example of PPE is gloves.

Signs and Symptoms

Describe signs and symptoms and give an example:

• Signs: Victim's conditions you can feel, see, hear, or smell (e.

Linear and Change of Direction for Volleyball

• Linear chops: Quick feet moving forward.
• Tennis drop: Tennis ball dropped; run after while dribbling.
• Suicides: Change of direction and acceleration.
• Ladders
• Shuttle drill

Linear and COD Program for Female Soccer

• 5-10-5 shuttle run
• Ladders
• Run shuffle run
• Up 2, back 1: Sprint 10 yards, then backpedal 5 yards.
• Four corner drill: Sprint around the corner, then diagonal.

Total Body Power and Strength for Female Softball

1. Warm-up: "Empty can exercise" to strengthen rotator cuffs. 3 sets of 10 reps at 0-20% 1RM for shoulder press.
2. Cleans: 75-85% 1RM, 4 sets of 3-5 reps. Rest 3-4 minutes. This total body exercise will develop power in the upper and lower body, helping the athlete run to base quicker.
3. Kettlebell goblet

Essential Vocabulary and Definitions

• A first aid kit – botiquín de primeros auxilios
• Angle – ángulo / to bend
• Bandwidth – ancho de banda (data transfer rate)
• Be laid back – to be relaxed
• Bombarded – to attack with bombs (assail/attack)
• Bullish – optimista / bullish (bychiy)
• Butterfly something – abrir para trocear (to cut open)
• Clenched – apretado, contraído, agarrado
• Compelling – persuasive / neotrazimiy
• Congruent – corresponding, identical
• Contempt – desprecio / neuvazhenie
• Dash – to run / arruinar, estallar
• Devote – dedicarse (to dedicate oneself)
• Dim lighting – luz tenue
• Draw somebody out – to help someone express their thoughts and feelings
• Dreadful – awful, frightening, very unpleasant
• Enticing – attractive / seductor

Visual-Motor Coordination

Visual-motor coordination is the ability to coordinate the eyes and hands to perform a single task that requires simultaneous eye and hand movements. It is an essential skill for many daily and academic activities.

Types of hand movements:

• Simultaneous: Both hands perform the same movement at the same time. Symmetrical movements are those where both hands move in the same spatial orientation (for example, washing hands or clapping).
• Asymmetrical: Both hands perform movements in different spatial orientations (for example, clapping hands with one hand raised, or drying dishes).
• Differentiated: Both hands hold different objects and perform different activities. This can be of two types:
  • Simple: One hand performs a kinetic

Benefits of Resistance Training

1. Enlarges heart cavities, increasing cardiac output (a result of aerobic endurance training).
2. Enhances and thickens heart muscle walls (anaerobic endurance).
3. Decreases resting heart rate.
4. Improves oxygen exchange at rest.
5. Positively impacts the respiratory system:
   • The trained person gets more air with each breath.
   • Increases the surface area of the alveoli.
   • Decreases breathing rate.
6. Enhances the function of detoxification organs.
7. Strengthens the muscular system.
8. Activates metabolism.

Benefits of Flexibility Training

1. Improves range of movement.
2. Increases muscle and tendon elasticity.
3. Helps prevent injuries.
4. Keeps joints healthy and functional.
5. Improves circulation.
6. Improves respiratory system function.
7. Helps prevent spinal deformation.

Mediterranean Diet

Key Components

• Grains: Rice, wheat, bread, and pasta (rich in complex carbohydrates).
• Fruits and Vegetables: Rich in vitamins, minerals, and fiber.
• Fish, Meat, and Legumes: Important protein sources.
• Olive Oil: Primary cooking fat.

Other important aspects include an active lifestyle, enjoying meals as a social activity, and using local, traditional foods.

Special Diets

Types of Special Diets

• Low Cholesterol Diet: Limits saturated and trans fats (e.g., red meat, sweets).
• Low Salt Diet: Uses seasonings instead of salt; recommended for hypertension.
• Gluten-Free Diet: Excludes gluten (found in wheat and some other grains).
• Diabetes Diet: Avoids simple sugars but allows complex carbohydrates; emphasizes regular mealtimes.
• High/Low Calorie

GAME-LIKE ACTIVITY

Concept of play action, pastime, or fun. Importance of Play in the Educational Process. The game is critical in the development and growth of the individual, and its absence will affect their adaptation and socialization to real life. The game can be understood from three perspectives:

• As a study: The game is a content block.
• As a methodological strategy: The game is a motivating activity as a means of globalizing.
• Interrelated contents of Physical Education with other areas.

The Game as a Function of Psychomotor Development and Age

From the cognitive perspective:

• Stage: Sensory Motor (0-2 years) Types of Play: Functional
• Stage: Pre-operational (2-6 years) Game Types: Functional, Symbolic, and Construction
• Stage: Concrete Operations