Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Philosophy and ethics

Job Application Essentials

Education Requirements

Lowest: High school diploma. Highest: Master's degree.

Importance of Education in Job Seeking

A worker with more skills and education has a wider range of job opportunities.

Essential Employee Skills

• Proficiency in reading to perform job duties.
• Effective communication skills.
• Basic computer skills, including data entry and retrieval.
• Fundamental work-related abilities.

Advantages of Work Experience

• Possession of proven skills and familiarity with job tasks.
• Reduced training time for new roles.
• Higher earning potential for skilled and experienced individuals.

Employer-Sought Character Traits

• Employers value hard work, honesty, dependability, and task completion.
• A positive work attitude, dedication to quality,

As the title makes plain, Thomson argues that abortion is not impermissible. More precisely, she argues for the conclusion that abortion is sometimes permissible; she grants that there are scenarios in which obtaining an abortion would be immoral. What is especially novel is the manner in which Thomson constructs her argument. She begins the essay by pointing out that the debate over abortion seems to many people to hinge on whether or not the fetus is a person. Most feel that if we could only determine the answer to that puzzle, the implications for abortion would be clear; namely, that if fetuses are persons then abortions must be impermissible, and that if fetuses are not persons then abortions must be permissible. Thomson, though, thinks

Major Theories of Truth

Truth as Correspondence

Considers a proposition to be true when there is a match between what the proposition expresses and the reality to which it refers.

Truth as Coherence

A proposition is true if it does not contradict the rest of the accepted propositions. The coherence of the new proposition with those we already know to be true indicates that this new one is also true.

Truth as Success (Pragmatism)

Considers a proposition to be true when it is useful and therefore leads to success. The truth of a proposition coincides with its consequences. A proposition is true if its implementation has positive results.

Limits of Knowledge

Dogmatism

Admits the possibility of knowing things in their true being or in themselves, and the... Continue reading "Major Theories of Truth and Knowledge Limits" »

Satire

Satire refers to any writing, in poetry or prose, with the purpose to ridicule, censure (criticize unfavorably), and correct the vices, follies, stupidities, and corruptions of society that threaten good moral order and literary discipline. The best and most representative works are found in those written by Pope and Swift, two masters of satire. Some satire is meant to make us laugh at human foolishness and weaknesses; some satire is meant to make us angry about human vices and crimes. Satire can be aimed at humanity in general, stereotyped groups, or a particular person.

Techniques of Satire

There are some common techniques used in satire:

• Exaggeration: To enlarge, increase, or represent something beyond normal bounds so that it becomes

27 Essential Vocabulary Terms and Precise Definitions

Enhance your understanding of complex concepts across various fields, from political science and employment to parapsychology and engineering, with this list of 27 key terms and their precise definitions.

1. Regime: A government, especially an authoritarian one.
2. Struggle: Make forceful or violent efforts to get free of restraint or constriction.
3. Survivor: A person who remains alive after an event in which others have died.
4. Sculptor: An artist who makes sculptures.
5. Employer: A person or organization that employs people.
6. Employee: A person employed for wages or salary, especially at a nonexecutive level.
7. Scrutinize: Examine or inspect closely and thoroughly.
8. Afterwards: At a later or future time; subsequently.

Ethical Theories and Philosophical Concepts

Absolute: A principle that is universally binding and may never be overridden by another principle.

Abusive Fallacy: A type of informal fallacy in which we attack an opponent’s character rather than addressing his or her conclusion.

Act Utilitarianism: The theory that states “an act is right if and only if it results in as much good as any available alternative.”

Agapeism: An ethical theory based on the principle of love. Sometimes this is based on the New Testament injunctions to love (Matt. 22:37-40, 1 Cor. 13, and 1 John 4:7-8).

Agent: In ethical discourse, the individual who acts with intention, responsibility, and effect.

Agnostic: In a religious context, designates a person who claims not to... Continue reading "Ethical Theories and Philosophical Concepts Explained" »

English Grammar: Active to Passive Voice Transformations

Review of Active Voice (AV) to Passive Voice (PV) conversions:

• Simple Forms:
  • Read (AV) → is read (PV)
  • Bought (AV) → were bought (PV)
  • Will pay (AV) → will be paid (PV)
• Continuous Forms:
  • Is cooking (AV) → is being cooked (PV)
  • Were discussing (AV) → was being discussed (PV)
• Perfect Forms:
  • Have done (AV) → have been done (PV)
  • Had cleaned (AV) → had been cleaned (PV)
  • Will have finished (AV) → will have been finished (PV)

Teenagers Seeking Cosmetic Surgery: Key Findings

Summary of Reading Comprehension Points

1. The primary motivation for seeking surgery is being worried about physical appearance. (p. 1)
2. Sandra believes her father funded her operation to provoke anger in Sandra's mother. (p. 2)

Animal Farm

Pride and Prejudice

Things to Keep in Mind

The Flawed Lens

• Use of different narrative styles: dialogue vs. epistolary tradition
• Both used for characterization
  • Collins' long-winded speeches are reflected in the long-winded letters, contrasted with Elizabeth and Darcy's quick-witted exchanges
• Letters: Serve as monologues and reveal inner feelings and sentiments
• Dialogue: Character interactions that develop their complexities in different scenarios
• Both serve for plot development
• Morality in Pride and Prejudice
  • Austen feared that economic considerations would overcome morality in human conduct (reflected in Wickham's mercenary personality)
  • A sense of morality is instilled in the readers as they read about the events that occur
  • The message is made more impactful