Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and exercises for Other foreign languages for Vocational training

Essential English Vocabulary and Grammar

Common Phrases and Idioms

Work and Everyday Life

• Paid peanuts: Pagar una miseria (To be paid very little)
• Got sacked: Despidieron (To be fired)
• Show you the ropes: Mostrar como funciona (To show someone how to do a job)
• Pulling your weight: Ponerte las pilas (To do your fair share of work)
• Homesick: Tener morriña (To miss home)
• Make yourself at home: Sentirse como en casa (To feel comfortable)
• Suburbs: Barrios residenciales (Residential areas outside of a city)
• Success: Éxito (Achievement)

Examples:

• Earn money, respect: Ganar dinero, respeto
• Teamwork: Football match, group project
• Profit: Selling things, investing money
• Pack: Suit, toothbrush
• Deliver: Pizza, message
• Dare: Come late, make personal phone calls

Other Useful

Automatización de Grupos y Usuarios

Para realizar la gestión de grupos mediante archivos .bat, utilice el siguiente script:

@echo off
for /f "tokens=5 delims=; skip=1" %%a in (usuarios.csv) do call grupos %%a

Script grupos.bat

@echo off
net localgroup %1
if errorlevel 1 goto crear
if errorlevel 0 goto mostrar
:crear
net localgroup %1 /add
:mostrar
net localgroup
:fin

Creación Masiva de Usuarios

Utilice este script para procesar usuarios desde un archivo CSV:

@echo off
cls
for /f "tokens=1,2,4,5,6,7 delims=; skip=1" %%a in (usuarios.csv) do call crear2 %%a %%b %%c %%d %%e %%f
type errores.txt

Script crearr.bat

net user %1%2
CLS
if errorlevel 1 goto crear
if "%errorlevel%"=="0" echo Fecha:%date% Hora:%time% el usuario %1%2 ya ha sido creado >>

English Grammar: Understanding Modal Verbs

I. Core Modal Verbs and Their Functions

A. Single Concept Modals

• WILL: Future (Futuro)
• MIGHT: Small Probability (Pequeña probabilidad)
• SHOULD: Recommendation (Recomendación)
• OUGHT TO: Formal Recommendation (Recomendación formal)
• HAD BETTER: Warning (Advertencia)

B. Double Concept Modals

• MAY: Permission (Dar permiso)
• MAY: High Probability (Buena probabilidad de que pase algo)
• MUST: Responsibility (Responsabilidad)
• MUST: Assumption/Logical Deduction (Una suposición)
• WOULD: Past Habit (Used to) (Pasado acostumbrado)
• WOULD: Present Unreal Condition (Presente irreal)
• SHALL: Polite Offer/Suggestion (Oferta de expresión educada)
• SHALL: Contractual Obligation (Obligación contractual)
• COULD: Unreal Ability (Habilidad

Financial Vocabulary: English to Spanish

• Banknote: billete
• Cash: dinero en efectivo
• Cash machine: cajero
• Cheque book: chequera / talonario de cheques
• Coin: moneda
• Credit card: tarjeta de crédito
• Currency: moneda / divisa
• Purse: monedero
• Wallet: cartera
• Receipt: recibo
• Till: caja registradora
• To afford: permitirse
• To borrow: pedir prestado
• To lend: prestar
• To cost: costar
• To owe: deber
• To pay for: pagar por
• To save: ahorrar
• To earn: ganar
• To spend: gastar
• To change: cambiar

Everyday English Phrases & Expressions

• To spend a lot of time: pasar mucho tiempo
• Don’t get me wrong / Don’t misunderstand me: no me malinterpretes
• Gooseberry: sujetavelas
• Actually: en realidad / de hecho
• The boy/girl of my dreams: el chico/chica de mis sueños
• I got his/her reply straight

Probability Distributions

Types of Probability Distributions

Normal Distribution

• Used to model continuous data
• Examples: Heights of people, scientific measurements, test scores

Binomial Distribution

• Used to model discrete data with two possible outcomes
• Examples: Number of heads in a coin toss, number of successes in a series of trials

Poisson Distribution

• Used to model the number of events occurring in a fixed interval of time or space
• Examples: Number of phone calls received per hour, number of earthquakes per year

Applications of Probability Distributions

• Sales success
• Launch of new products
• Bidding for contracts
• Quality control
• Hiring staff
• Experimental trials

Calculating Probabilities

Normal Distribution

• Use a calculator or statistical software
• Formula: P(

Key Vocabulary and Phrases

Phrasal Verbs

• build up: construir / desarrollar
• carry on: continuar
• get out of: salir de (un lugar) / evitar
• get over: superar
• hook up: enganchar / conectar
• join in: unirse
• let someone down: decepcionar a alguien
• live on: vivir con / subsistir con
• set up: configurar / establecer

General Terms & Concepts

• handle: encargarse de / manejar
• overwhelmed: abrumado
• reassurance: consuelo / tranquilidad
• well-being: bienestar

Idioms Related to Emotions & Conflict

• cool it: tranquilizarse
• blow your top: enojarse mucho / perder los estribos
• defuse a situation: calmar la situación
• fly off the handle: perder los estribos
• see red: enojarse mucho
• give someone a piece of your mind: regañar a alguien / decirle lo que piensas
• keep the peace: mantener

Dear Sir/Madam,

I am writing to apply for the position of Junior Administrative Assistant advertised on your website.

I am currently studying a Higher Certificate in Administration and Finance. Thanks to my studies, I have gained the following competencies:

• Organizing and executing operations of management and administration in business
• Accounting
• Taxes
• Financial processes

I worked as a Head of Sales at Galaxy Provisions for four months. My responsibilities there were:

• Negotiating with clients
• Taking inventory

I am the best candidate for the position because my skills and experience align with your job requirements. I excel at reaching agreements with clients and adapt easily to new situations and environments. Furthermore, I am proficient in accounting...

UNIT 3

• 1. We thank you for your letter of...
  - Le damos las gracias por su carta del...
• 2. In reply to your letter of...
  - En contestación a su carta del...
• 3. Thank you for your letter of...
  - Le damos las gracias por su carta de...
• 4. With reference to your letter of...
  - En referencia a su carta de...
• 5. Further to...
  - En referencia a...
• 6. We are pleased to enclose...
  - Estamos encantados de adjuntarle...
• 7. We have pleasure in enclosing...
  - Tenemos el placer de adjuntarle...
• 8. Our prices are subject to a 5% discount for cash...
  - Nuestros precios están sujetos a un 5% de descuento por pago en efectivo.
• 9. We have sent today by separate post...
  - Le hemos enviado hoy por correo aparte...
• 10. We require payment by banker's draft.
  - Necesitamos el pago

Telecommunications Equipment and Infrastructure: RITI and RITS

Equipment of the RITI and RITS: RTV, TB, ventilation, identification plate, 2 power outlets with earth connection, normal lighting (300 lux) and emergency lighting, protection panel, and earthing system connection.

Cable Ducts and Tubes from the General Services Panel to the RITI or RITS

Insulated cables rated up to 750 V, of 2x6+T mm², in a 32 mm tube or an equivalent section trunking.

Expansion of the RITI and RITS Panel

Must be provisioned at 50%.

Protection Devices in the RITI

General cut-off circuit breaker, RCD, omnipolar circuit breaker for room lighting, another for socket outlets, and another for headend equipment.

RITS Difference

The RITS differs from the RITI because it includes...

Tema 12: Customer Service and Complaints

Apologise: Demanar disculpes
Argue: Discutir
Assure: Assegureu-vos
Calmly: Amb calma
Deal with: Tractar amb
Dissatisfied: Insatisfet
Enquiry: Investigació
Exhausted: Esgotat
Impatient: Impacient
In the long run: A la llarga
Keep a promise: Guardar una promesa
Manner: Manera
Politely: Educadament
Refund: Reemborsar
Remind: Recordar
Replacement: Recanvi
Reputation: Reputació
Respectfully: Amb respecte
Rude: Groller/Maleducat
Satisfied: Satisfet
Solve: Resoldre
Treat: Tractar

Expressions and Phrases

At our expense: A costa nostra
Be in touch: Estar en contacte
Compensation: Compensació
Consequences: Conseqüències
Credit your account: Aboneu al vostre compte
Defect: Defecte
Disappointed: Decebut
Due to: Degut a
Expectations: Expectatives
Fail