Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and exercises for Medicine and health sciences for Secondary education

Self-Care for Colds and Flu

What do you do to look after yourself when you catch a cold or the flu? In Madrid, during the month of February, it is common for people to catch a cold. Some of them don't take care of themselves.

When I am ill, I take medication for a week, for instance, ibuprofen or antibiotics; these help me to get over the cold. Secondly, I rest in my bed, and I don't go to school to not infect other people. Additionally, it is essential to eat well because some antibiotics can damage your stomach.

All in all, I believe that when one of us has a cold, it is important to take care of ourselves because these can affect you when you are older.

Can Tourism Improve Ecology?

Nowadays, tourism is an important factor in the development of...

1: Rank these diseases in infectious and non-infectious diseases: measles, myocardial infarction, goiter, cancer, athlete's foot, anemia, candidiasis, AIDS, asthma, and diabetes. (1 POINT)

BOOK STUDY

2: Main microorganisms causing infectious diseases. Each of the tissues that affect it. (1 POINT)

• Bacteria causing diphtheria
• Fungus: causes of athlete's foot
• Protozoa: causes of sleeping sickness
• Viruses causing poliomyelitis

3: Modes of transmission of infectious diseases with examples. (Not tell). (1 POINT)

• For direct contact
• Of inert objects
• In the water we drink
• Through the ingestion of contaminated food
• In the air
• By animal transmitters

4: Different types of internal defenses (1 POINT)

Unspecific defense: They act against any microorganism or foreign particles....

The Vocalic Experiment: Verse in A

Plasma work words do it, catches bullets, sal Machakos. Gusts up to tear each room, bark. Saca las garras, throat, weapons, palmas. The steps of fame will never take patán allares peace. Faces bitter, evil long haul will pay, dredges. Andare a shit, expensive sabrán saladas laughter.

After so many traps, after many false jarana, alabanzas deployed. After many, many souls to reach calm, transfer for little birds. Nach send many ghosts, Sahara. Cheap talk gag, drilling to paragraphs, flaca, end badly. Masacre stops so bad to win battles, for remote caught up kicks, give a cunning la talla. You give the campaign for comrades, will nothing to herd for chanta, sing ballads to please the home, tired mass, anda pa'

Introduction to Viruses

Viruses are acellular organisms that exist at a level of organization below the cell. To live and multiply, they must parasitize a host cell. They present two distinct phases: the extracellular and the intracellular phase.

Extracellular and Intracellular Phases

In the extracellular phase, viruses are in a latent state and are known as virions. They consist of a nucleic acid enveloped by a protein structure. In the intracellular phase, the virus exists solely as nucleic acid. Animal viruses can contain either DNA or RNA, whereas plant viruses typically carry RNA. Viruses that infect bacteria, known as bacteriophages, can contain either DNA or RNA.

Viral Morphology and Structure

Viruses are classified by the shape of their...

Digestion

Digestion is the set of mechanical and chemical processes that transform food into substances the body can absorb. Nutrients, water, and minerals are taken in through food and drink (intake). No other special cells, absorption, or approximation take place. Nutrition is involuntary, and the body must transfer and use the nutrients to supply cells, eliminating the substances that cannot be absorbed.

Digestive Tube

1. Pharynx: Food passes through the pharynx. Difficulty in swallowing (dysphagia) and painful swallowing (odynophagia) may occur here.
2. Esophagus: A muscular tube that carries food from the pharynx to the stomach. Involuntary contractions and peristalsis move the bolus downward. The diaphragm is crossed as the esophagus enters the

1. Definition of Faradic Current

• Faradic (faradism) current is a short-duration, interrupted direct current, typically 0.1–1 ms pulse width at 50–100 Hz.

• It stimulates innervated motor nerves, causing tetanic-like muscle contractions.

2. Physiological Effects

• Sensory nerve stimulation produces mild prickling and superficial vasodilation (redness).

• Motor nerve activation leads to muscle contraction and, when surged, approximates voluntary tetanic contractions without fatigue.

• Boosts local circulation, metabolism, and venous/lymphatic flow, aiding in waste clearance and tissue nutrition.

3. Indications and Therapeutic Uses

• Facilitation of pain-inhibited muscles

• Muscle re-education, especially after disuse or neurological...

Human Body Anatomy

• Ankle: tobillo
• Blood: sangre
• Bottom: culo
• Brain: cerebro
• Calf: pantorrilla
• Cheek: mejilla
• Chin: barbilla
• Elbow: codo
• Eyebrows: cejas
• Eyelid: párpado
• Forehead: frente
• Heart: corazón
• Heel: talón
• Hip: cadera
• Intestine: intestino
• Jaw: mandíbula
• Kidney: riñón
• Knee: rodilla
• Lip: labios
• Lungs: pulmones
• Muscle: músculo
• Nail: uña
• Rib: costilla
• Scalp: cuero cabelludo
• Shin: espinilla
• Shoulder: hombro
• Skin: piel
• Skull: cráneo
• Spine: columna vertebral
• Stomach: estómago
• Thigh: muslo
• Throat: garganta
• Thumb: pulgar
• Toe: dedo del pie
• Waist: cintura
• Wrist: muñeca

Medical Treatments and Injuries

• Antibiotics: antibióticos
• Bandage: venda
• Cream: crema
• Dressing: vendaje
• Medicine: medicamento
• Painkillers: analgésicos
• X-ray: radiografía

Common Injuries

• Bang your head: darte un

Immortal Beloved Vocabulary Glossary

• Callous (= merciless, insensitive): cruel, insensible, desalmado
• Withdraw from sth. (= draw away): retirarse de, abandonar, dejar
• Thus: de este modo
• Sole: único, exclusivo
• Bear sth. (have: name, title): llevar
• Nurse sb./sth.: cuidar
• Spat (to spit = escupir)
• Sorrow (= deep sadness): pena, tristeza, melancolía
• Affair (= matter, concern): asunto
• Alas! (= pity, concern): ¡Ay! ¡Qué lástima, qué pena!
• Smash (sth.) up (= destroy, break into pieces): hacer pedazos
• Illegible (= unreadable): ilegible
• Deluge: diluvio, inundación
• Ashamed (= feeling shame): avergonzada
• Countess: condesa
• Weasel (= dishonest person): comadreja
• Vile (= nasty, unpleasant): vil, canalla
• Sigh: suspirar
• Pant (= breathe quickly, noisily): jadear, respirar

What Is the Economy?

Often, when you are in high school, you feel that many subjects will not help you in your future life. It is common to hear students complaining about various subjects because they do not see a direct application to their everyday life—asking, "When am I going to use this?" Luckily, this does not happen with economics, a subject that will allow you to solve many of your real-world problems.

But what is economics? The late José Luis Sampedro would tell you that you are the economy. However, you likely want a more elaborate answer. Let us begin.

The Necessity of Choice

Because our resources (such as money and time) are scarce, but our needs are unlimited, we must choose how to use these resources and which needs to cover.

• Financial