Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and exercises for Law for Secondary education

5 Requirements for Administrative Claim Admissibility

To ensure a court admits a claim, the following five requirements must be met:

1. Jurisdiction and Competence

The court must determine if the judge has the legal competence to preside over the case. If fundamental rights are affected, citizens may bypass administrative courts in favor of civil courts.

2. Legal Nature of the Administrative Action

The court must verify if the subject of the review is an administrative action. This can take two forms:

• Action: A formal decision (e.g., denying a scholarship).
• Omission: Failure to act, known as administrative silence. This is a legal fiction where the administration fails to respond within a set period (typically 2–4 months), granting citizens the

The Crime

·Committed (a crime): cometer un delito

·Investigated (a crime): investigar un crimen

·Arrested (a criminal): arrestar a un criminal

·Caught: pillar

·Questioned: preguntar

·Charged (with): acusar a

The Trial

·Witnesses: testigo

·Verdict: veredicto

·Sentenced: sentenciado

·Punishment: castigo

·Proof: prueba

·Jury: jurado

·Judge: juez

·Evidence: evidencia

·Guilty / opposite innocent: culpable

·Court: tribunal

·Acquitted: absuelto

·Accused: acusado

Crimes and Criminals

Enhance your vocabulary with these 80 essential words, complete with clear and concise definitions.

Introduction to the 2011 NBA Lockout

The 2011 NBA lockout was the fourth lockout in the history of the National Basketball Association (NBA). The owners began the work stoppage upon expiration of the 2005 collective bargaining agreement. The 161-day lockout began on July 1, 2011, and ended on December 8, 2011. It delayed the start of the 2011–12 regular season from November 1 to December 25, and it reduced the regular season from 82 to 66 games.

During the lockout, teams could not trade, sign, or contact players, and players could not access NBA team facilities, trainers, or staff. Some players signed contracts to play in other countries, mostly in Europe and Asia, with most of those players having the option to return to the NBA upon the lockout'...

Spain and the European Communities: Institutions & Treaties

Of the Constitution. It is up to Parliament or the Government, as appropriate, to ensure compliance with these treaties and resolutions of international or supranational bodies that are holders of the assignment.

Accession and legal effect in Spain

This international organization is attributed powers derived from the EC. Spain joined the EEC communities and became part of a club of European states through LOREG 10/1985, effective from January 1, 1986. Spanish public authorities and citizens became subject to passing a new law. The European communities are communities that were born for purposes other

Nature of the European Community legal order

The EC is a body of law that we must adopt...

Legal Framework of the Decree Law

This enabling budget is always applicable, so a maximalist view leads to the normal use of the decree law.

The framework of the decree law should be set by the government, which is the subject that dictates the norm to be assessed according to criteria of political prudence when the country's governance requires urgent action.

Scope and Congressional Control

• It should be excluded from certain areas and is considered an interim standard; once passed, Congress intervenes.
• Political control by Congress and the Constitutional Court (TC) is legal.
• The use of the decree law regarding its application is very wide for fear of leaving it as a purely residual instrument. It is a very useful mechanism in the hands of governments

Legal Gaps and the Application of State Law

If an Autonomous Community (AC) does not legislate, two options arise:

• Do not apply any law.
• Apply the general law (State law).

If the Autonomous Community (CCAA) legislation is absent, a legal vacuum occurs, and the law of the State applies additionally. State law enters due to this failure (of CCAA legislation) and prevails over the CCAA norms in this context.

Defining the Legal System: Validity and Enforceability

The legal system is composed of rules that must be valid and enforceable.

Criteria for Rule Validity (Hierarchy, Jurisdiction, Procedure)

Criteria of hierarchy, jurisdiction, and procedure determine if the rules are valid. Validity requires that rules be created by competent bodies, following...

Conflict of Laws and Normative Criteria

Commentators developed casuistic criteria for decoupling the problem of conflicts between norms. These norms belonged to a unique pattern of "national" law or political subjection. For instance, contracts and wills were governed by the law of venue (the forum law); personal status was governed by the law of the person concerned. These solutions are subsumed under the formula that the scope of the rules is dependent on the level of power that issues them. For example, in the case of real estate, the law agrees with the territory; in the case of individuals, it coincides with the study of subjects. This approach promoted the adoption of flexible solutions and the rejection of rigid, abstract, and immobile...

Unit 6: Commercial Companies

Concept of Commercial Companies

According to Manuel García Rendón, a commercial company is a group of persons (permanent or temporary, voluntary or mandatory) which is organized to provide goods or services for the realization of a common purpose, and to which the law confers or denies legal status.

Budget for its Establishment

• Human: Partners who act directly or through other entities.
• Heritage: Broad considerations regarding capital to be made.

Principles and Specific Notes

Specific notes for these societies include:

• Equality between partners.
• The rights of all members.
• Obligations of partners.

Social Contributions

The contributions of the members go toward building social capital.

Common Goal

The activity or set of activities...

The Constitution as a Norm

Karl Loewenstein differentiates between three types of constitutions:

• Normative Constitutions: These function as a true constitutional regime, where the rules are effectively applied.
• Nominal Constitutions: These do not fully apply in practice but serve as educational instruments that may eventually lead to a normative regulation.
• Semantic Constitutions: These act as a disguise for a dominant group to legitimize their rule, often found in dictatorial regimes.

There is a fundamental distinction between the concept of a constitution and the concept of a regime. Historically, dominant groups have adopted constitutional frameworks to create a facade of legitimacy while using the rigidity of the law to perpetuate partisan interests....