Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and exercises for Law for Baccalaureate

Collective Labor Conflict

Conflict collective work:

• Agreement between the parties: voluntary.
• Reconciliation: the parties agree to a third party to intervene to facilitate negotiations but with no decision power.
• Mediation: the parties agree to a third party to intervene and offer settlement proposals, but that third party has no decision power.
• Arbitration: a third party intervenes and the arbitrator imposes a solution.

Working Time, Breaks and Shifts

Labor Weather: (working time and related rules)

Daily and Weekly Limits

• Day: up to 40 hours per week.
• Maximum per day: 9 hours per day, respecting required breaks.

Breaks and Rest Between Shifts

• Breaks within the day: 15 minutes; this applies when the workday continues beyond six hours.
• Rest between shifts:

Parliamentary Government System

A parliamentary government is a system of governance where the executive branch is accountable to the legislative branch. In this system, the head of state (such as a President or monarch) serves a ceremonial role, while the head of government (such as a Prime Minister) is responsible for the administration of the government.

Key Features of Parliamentary Governance

• Accountability: The executive branch is accountable to the legislative branch, ensuring that the government remains responsible to the people's elected representatives.
• Separation of Powers: There is a separation of powers between the legislative, executive, and judicial branches, ensuring that no single branch has too much power.
• Collective Responsibility:

Types of Federalism

Centralized Federalism

The national government takes primary responsibility for determining national goals in all major policy areas and directs state and local government activity through conditions attached to money grants.

New Federalism

Refers to efforts, first in the Nixon administration, to return some federal tax funds to the states (general revenue sharing) and later efforts in the Reagan administration to consolidate federal grant-in-aid programs into block grants.

Representational Federalism

The idea that federalism is defined by the role of the states in electing members of Congress and the president rather than any constitutional division of powers.

Coercive Federalism

The federal government's assumption of powers traditionally...

Athleticism vs. Commercialization

Athleticism is a sporting style that has been shaped over the course of modernity and thus finds its justification internally in the satisfaction that the participants derive from their own performances or in the attainment of a specialized skill that is unrelated to any other social code.

The Olympic Games are the most important athletic games organized globally due to the participation of such large numbers of athletes and national teams and also to the fact that very large numbers of people from all around the world watch them via the media. Television plays the most important role in this respect, given that it transmits images from the Olympic Games to billions of people worldwide because of the enormous...

Item 2: Criminal Theory of Action

The Theory of Action (Objective Type I)

Criminal Conduct and No Action Assumptions

The relevant criminal conduct (action or omission) can only be intentional or reckless (Arts. 5 and 10 CP) and, therefore, voluntary (the principle of guilt). Criminal law can only deploy its motivating role against voluntary behaviors. Therefore, relevant criminal conduct (active or omissive) must be rejected where no voluntary element is present.

The classical assumptions of "no action" or lack of relevant criminal behavior are:

• Irresistible force: Of an external and invincible character (excluding vis mental or threatened action).
• Reflex movements: Distinguished from impulsive acts, these are reactions to external stimuli without

III. Procedure for Obtaining the Application Form

• Access the portal at www.umich.mx to register your school and personal data. Verify the information and print your payment order. We recommend having the following documents on hand:
  • CURP
  • Birth Certificate
  • Baccalaureate Certificate
  • Proof of Address
• Make payments online or at any of the banks listed on your orders. The amounts to be paid and the deadlines for payment are specified. Remember: failure to do so will cancel your application procedure.
• If you pay online, you can continue your process in a few minutes; if you pay at a bank window, please wait 72 hours. Re-enter the portal to provide your CURP and complete the registration. You must then complete the socio-economic survey and print the available

Fundamentals of Law and Legal Systems

Law is the set of rules governing conduct and relationships between individuals. We define positive law as the collection of legal provisions currently applied in daily life, representing the legal order in effect within a country. The National Constitution serves as the fundamental law.

Sources of Law

Sources of law refer to the origin of regulations included in the legal system. These include:

• The Law: A general, compulsory rule sanctioned by a state organ in accordance with the National Constitution.
• Custom: The habitual repetition of conduct. Customary law is the set of rules created by custom.

Types of Customary Rules

1. Rules applied where the law expressly refers to them.
2. Rules applied in situations not covered

Liberalism and Socialism

Liberalism's Foundations

Liberalism emerged in the XVIII century in England, arguing that the fundamental right of the individual is freedom. Its main objectives are to reduce, limit, and control the power of the State.

John Locke established that the individual possesses three basic inalienable rights: the right to life, the right to liberty, and property rights. These rights precede society, and the State's role is to protegerlos (protect them). The role of government is strictly to protect citizens' rights. The State has no standing to intervene in any other way in public life. It is necessary to control government action to prevent it from using its power to assume functions that have not been assigned.

Rule of Law

Test 9

Social and Political Concepts

1. The Social State of Law: The social state of law guarantees respect for the law and ensures the welfare of its citizens.
2. Early Human Social Forms: The first complex social forms were hunter-gatherer groups.
3. Emergence of States: The first states emerged around 6000 BC, based on concentrated power in a single ruler.
4. Early Democracy: The first model of democracy originated in Greece (5th century BC).
5. Representative Democracies: In representative democracies, citizens delegate their power to elected representatives.
6. Formal Democracy: "Formal democracy" refers to countries with a democratic structure, regardless of its effectiveness.
7. Origin of "Right" and "Left": The terms "right" and "left" in politics originated in