Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and exercises for French for University

Master key terms and phrases for your next trip or career in the tourism industry. This comprehensive resource covers everything from basic travel logistics to advanced business concepts and cultural nuances.

Tourism & Travel Core Concepts

• Boom: A period of rapid economic growth.
• Demand: The desire of consumers for a good or service.
• Launch: To start or introduce something new.
• Market: The area of commercial dealing or a group of potential customers.
• Package: A set of related items or services sold together.
• Tour: A journey for pleasure in which several different places are visited.
• Supply: The amount of a good or service available (oferta).
• Supplier: A person or entity that provides goods or services (proveedor).
• Resort: A place where people go

The Failed Hero's Journey in Washington Irving's Rip Van Winkle

Male Flight from Home and Responsibilities into the Wilderness

According to Joseph Campbell, the story of the hero takes place in three stages: withdrawal, initiation, and return. The hero abandons his family or community, undergoes an initiation, which is usually an encounter with supernatural forces, and eventually returns to society, wiser than before.

A closer reading of "Rip Van Winkle" alongside Campbell's work will demonstrate that Irving was well aware of this pattern, and that he both followed and veered from it intentionally for his own purposes.

Withdrawal: Escape from Domestic Strife

As Campbell explains, the hero's story starts with a call to adventure. The hero does not...

How does ICT integration in education impact the teaching profession?

ICT integration fosters:

• Collaboration
• Communication
• Sharing of ideas and experiences
• Mutual support in learning

What are some primary ways teachers can utilize ICT?

Teachers can leverage ICT to:

• Find resources
• Prepare lessons
• Organize student work
• Evaluate results
• Manage learning records

What are three new teaching and learning forms introduced by ICT?

• Project-based learning
• Cross-curricular learning
• Attractive learning experiences

Name three ways ICT empowers students as creators.

• Programming
• Website development
• Robotics

What are some key changes observed in learners due to ICT?

Increased Motivation:

• Reduced fear of public mistakes
• Students as educators
• Teachers as lifelong learning models

Other

Medieval Cathedral Schools and the Rise of Universities

Cathedral schools first appeared in the East, mirroring older institutions, during the eleventh century. These study centers were similar to their European counterparts. People gathered at these cathedral schools to hear news brought by immigrants from the East. This led to large groups of students undertaking work to survive and learning to read and write.

Here, discussions began on new truths and interpretations of faith. Students also started creating their own guilds, which later gained strength and rights.

The shelters provided by the church to these students offered certain freedoms, including freedom of opinion. Students were arranged in a master-apprentice system, where the teacher...

Unit 1: Introduction to Language and Linguistics

• Akmajian, A., Demers, R.A., & Harnish, R.M. Linguistics: An Intro to Language and Communication. M.I.T. Press (1984)
• Downes, W. Language and Society. Fontana Paperbacks. (1984)
• Fromkin, V. & Rodman, R. An Introduction to Language. Holt, Rinehart & Winston. (1983)
• Ferrández, Ferreres y Sarramona. Didáctica del lenguaje. CEAC. Barcelona. (1982)
• Fry, D.B. The Physics of Speech. Cambridge University Press. (1979)
• Halliday,M.A.K. Language and social semiotic.The social interpretation of language and meaning. Edward Arnold. Ldn(1978)
• Hymes, D. Language and Social Context. Penguin books. (1972)
• Jespersen, O. Language;Its Nature, Development and Origin. Macmillan. (1921)
• Malinowski, Bronislaw K.

Dear Sara,

Comparing Education: Japan vs. Spain

I hope this letter finds you well and that everything is going great in Japan. I was recently reading about the Japanese education system and was amazed at how different it is from ours in Spain!

Cultural and Operational Differences

Several key operational aspects distinguish the two systems:

• School Maintenance and Meals: In Japan, students and teachers are responsible for cleaning the school and preparing lunch. This contrasts sharply with Spain, where we rely on dedicated janitors and cooks.
• Academic Calendar: The Japanese school year runs from April to March, while the Spanish academic year traditionally begins in September.
• Time Commitment: Japanese students dedicate significantly more hours to extracurricular

Unit 1: Life Events & Expressions

• Change school – cambiar de colegio
• Retire – jubilarse
• Take a gap year – año sabático
• Move house – mudarse
• Start your own business – montar tu propio negocio
• Win an award – ganar un premio
• Have an accident – tener un accidente
• Go for an interview – ir a una entrevista
• Make new friends
• Drop out of university – abandonar la universidad
• Settle down – sentar la cabeza
• Get into trouble
• Become rich
• Go abroad – ir al extranjero
• Worry about
• Depend on
• Agree about – estar de acuerdo sobre
• Listen to
• Argue about – argumentar sobre
• Talk to
• Wait for
• Argue with – discutir con
• Participate in
• Look forward to – esperar con interés
• Agree with – estar de acuerdo con

Unit 2: Literature & Genres

• Play – obra de teatro
• Adventure

Understanding Grammar in Language Teaching

Grammar is often misunderstood in the language teaching field. Instead of viewing grammar as a static system of arbitrary rules, it should be seen as a rational, dynamic system comprised of structures characterized by the three dimensions of form and use.

Myths About Grammar

Grammar is acquired naturally; it need not be taught.

It is true that some learners acquire second language grammar naturally without instruction. For example, there are immigrants to the United States who acquire proficiency in English on their own. Chomsky showed that native English speakers were still in the process of acquiring certain grammatical structures in English well into adolescence.

Grammar is boring.

This myth is derived...

Advantages of Using Games in Language Learning

Games offer numerous benefits for language learners:

1. Variety and Engagement: Games introduce variety and break the monotony of traditional lessons, keeping students motivated and engaged.
2. Motivation and Energy: They provide a refreshing break from formal teaching, re-energizing students and fostering a positive learning environment.
3. Hidden Practice: Games offer opportunities for"hidde" or"disguise" language practice, reinforcing specific language patterns, vocabulary, and pronunciation in a fun and engaging way.
4. Cognitive Skill Development: Games can enhance attention span, concentration, memory, listening skills, and reading skills.
5. Increased Participation: Games encourage participation from all students,