Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and exercises for English for Vocational training

Morpheme:

1. It is a lexical item or a meaningful part of a lexical item. 2. It can't be broken down into smaller meaningful parts. 3. It occurs in different environments with no dramatic changes of meaning.

Tipos:

1. Morphemes which have a lexico-semantic meaning content: (beauty), (girl), (walk)... 2. Morphemes having a grammar or functional content (-ful), (-ly), (-s), and (-ed).

However, many English lexical forms can't be accounted for by means of internal division: 1. Irregular plurals forms: feet, men. 2. Irregular comparative and superlative: a. better, best b. worse, worst. 3. Past tense and participial forms: a. bought, took, wrote

Inflectional Morphemes:

1. They don't create a new lexical item but simply another form of the same lexical...

English Grammar Essentials

First Conditional & Future Time Clauses

We use first conditional sentences to talk about a possible future situation and its consequence.

First Conditional Examples:

• If you work hard, you'll pass your exams.
• The boss won't be very pleased if we're late for the meeting.
• Come and see us next week if you have time.
• Allison won't get into university unless she gets good grades.
• I won't go unless you go too.

Rules for First Conditional:

• We use the present tense (NOT the future) after 'if' in first conditional sentences.
• We can also use an imperative instead of the 'will' clause.
• We can use 'unless' instead of 'if...not' in conditional sentences.
  • Example: She won't get into university unless she gets good grades / if she doesn't

Present Continuous Tense

Is Susan traveling to Australia tonight?

• My friends are going to a burial after school.
• Allan isn't riding this bicycle this afternoon.
• Peter is having his English test tomorrow afternoon.
• Is Sean taking his brother to the shops soon?
• Tim is watering the plants this evening.
• Will isn't watching TV this evening.
• Are you making breakfast tomorrow morning?
• Is Hillary reading a magazine next weekend?
• They are buying a coffin this afternoon.
• She is visiting her husband's grave tomorrow morning.
• George and Joe are cheating death.
• Christopher is writing his death wish on Wednesday afternoon.
• I'm going to buy a headset on Friday.

Medical Vocabulary

English - Spanish

Anaphylaxis (ANAFILAXIA) – Burns (QUEMADURAS) – Dislocation (DISLOCACIÓN)...

Mastering Irregular Verbs in English and Spanish

This list provides common irregular verbs in English, along with their past simple and past participle forms, and their Spanish translations.

• beat/beat/beaten: ganar
• eat/ate/eaten: comer
• drive/drove/driven: conducir
• dream/dreamed/dreamed: soñar
• draw/drew/drawn: dibujar
• do/did/done: hacer
• cost/cost/cost: costar
• come/came/come: venir
• choose/chose/chosen: elegir
• catch/caught/caught: coger
• buy/bought/bought: comprar
• build/built/built: construir
• bring/brought/brought: llevar
• break/broke/broken: romper
• blow/blew/blown: soplar
• bite/bit/bitten: morder
• bend/bent/bent: doblar
• begin/began/begun: empezar
• understand/understood/understood: entender
• sleep/slept/slept: dormir
• mean/meant/meant: significar
• lose/lost/lost: perder
• make/

Mastering Reported Speech

Review these examples of transforming direct speech into reported speech.

1. Direct: “I want to visit my friends this weekend,” Tom said.
   Reported: Tom said he wanted to visit his friends that weekend.
2. Direct: “What do you think of the new film?” Sally asked.
   Reported: Sally wanted to know what I thought of the new film.
3. Direct: “I'm studying English a lot at the moment,” Jerry said.
   Reported: Jerry said he was studying English a lot at that moment.
4. Direct: “Have you finished reading the newspaper?” he asked me.
   Reported: He asked me if I had finished reading the newspaper.
5. Direct: “We've lived here for a long time,” they said.
   Reported: They said they had lived there for a long time.
6. Direct: “Did you have

Common Verbs in Present and Past Tense

• 1. Brush my teeth: Brushed
• 2. Chat by WhatsApp: Chatted
• 3. Check emails: Checked
• 4. Clean: Cleaned
• 5. Cook dinner/lunch: Cooked
• 6. Do laundry: Did
• 7. Do the dishes: Did
• 8. Drive: Drove
• 9. Get up: Got up
• 10. Go to bed: Went to bed
• 11. Have: Had
• 12. Have breakfast: Had breakfast
• 13. Have dinner: Had dinner
• 14. Have lunch: Had lunch
• 15. Pay attention: Paid attention
• 16. Read: Read
• 17. Share with friends and family: Shared
• 18. Sleep: Slept
• 19. Study: Studied
• 20. Take a bus: Took a bus
• 21. Take a nap: Took a nap
• 22. Take a shower: Took a shower
• 23. Take a taxi: Took a taxi
• 24. Tidy up: Tidied up
• 25. Watch movies: Watched
• 26. Watch Netflix: Watched
• 27. Watch series: Watched
• 28. Watch TV: Watched
• 29. Work: Worked
• 30. Write: Wrote
• 31. Come:

Amusing Vignettes

The Frog Teaser Incident

A child walking down the street saw a shop displaying "Frogs' Teasers for 1 €". He exclaimed, "Heck, for that money, I'll try it!"

When he arrived home, he slept with a woman, and things happened with the frog...

The next morning, when the woman got up, she looked into the kitchen and heard her husband:

• "Cut the potato finely!"
• "Beat the eggs!"

She then told her husband, "What did Fernando say?" He replied, "Shut up! Learn to cook, you go around with your backside showing!"

The Exam Copying Mistake

The teacher told Louie:

"Did you copy Peter's review?"

"No," Louie replied.

"Then why did Peter write for the 3rd question: 'I don't know,' and you wrote: 'Me neither'?"

Jaimito's Observation

Jaimito habitually passed...

Arranging a Meeting (Organizar una reunión)

Dear Mr. Adams,

I'm writing to organize a time for the meeting next week.

I'd like to suggest holding the meeting in the small conference room in the Hilton Hotel, Madrid on Thursday morning at 11:30. Would that be convenient?

The meeting will be about a business matter I would like to discuss because I think it will interest you.

I look forward to meeting you next week.

Inviting Somebody to a Conference (Invitando a alguien a una conferencia)

Dear Mrs. Martin,

We are pleased to announce that you have been invited to the next Marketing Conference. This conference will be held on the 19th and 20th of June.

The conference will be held at CCIB (Barcelona International Convention Center), located in the city...

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The Lady of Shalott is a poem written by Alfred, Lord Tennyson in 1842. It is a Victorian ballad that tells the story of a confined woman cursed to view life through a mirror's reflection while weaving the tapestry of what she sees. This stands in contrast with the male figure, Sir Lancelot, who freely rides around an idealized Camelot. In this essay, I will illustrate the contraposition of these two points of view and how Tennyson criticizes the patriarchal gender conventions of the time.

The Tower as a Private Feminine Sphere

The poem begins with a description that compares Camelot to the tower where the Lady of Shalott lives. At first, we perceive the tower as a kind of artistic sanctuary where the Lady can peacefully weave. But as we read...