Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and exercises for English for Secondary education

Last summer I went to Cordoba with my friends Franco and Cristian. We visited Carlos Paz and Villa Maria because other friends told us there were a lot of things to do there. The first week we went to Carlos Paz. There, we explored different rivers, went shopping, and met the Cucu clock. We thought the Cucu was really big, but it is very small; we were disappointed.

The second week we went to Villa Maria. My grandparents live there, so we visited their house. My grandmother cooks really well. We returned to San Rafael with 10 kg more. In Villa Maria, we attended a lot of parties. It is a really fun place!

We really enjoyed the holidays. Next summer, we want to go to Buenos Aires.

Argentina has many beautiful places. In the north, we have the Cataratas...

Subject and Object Pronouns

• Many sentences in English have a subject, a verb, and an object. Both the subject and the object can be nouns.
• We can replace nouns with pronouns.
• Pronouns used as subjects are sometimes different from pronouns used as objects.
• A pronoun can refer to a noun or to a noun phrase (a noun plus a group of words related to the noun).
• We use object pronouns after prepositions.
• Remember to use the correct pronoun forms.

Possessive Adjectives and Possessive Pronouns

• We put a possessive adjective before a noun. We use a possessive pronoun alone; there is no noun after it.
• We use possessive adjectives and possessive pronouns to show that something belongs to somebody.
• Be careful when using its/it's and their/they're. They are pronounced

Understanding Compound Sentences

Depending on the relationship established between the various propositions of a complex sentence, they come in two types:

• Coordinated propositions: They maintain an equal relationship with each other because none is more important than the other.
• Subordinate clauses: These maintain a relationship of semantic and syntactic dependency.

Types of Coordinated Sentences

Depending on the type of nexus that unites them, there are:

• Coordinated copulative propositions: These represent a union or sum among the various propositions. Common conjunctions include and and or.
• Coordinated disjunctive propositions: These present several options from which you must choose one. They are joined by conjunctions such as or, or conjunctive

Irregular English Verbs with Spanish Translations

The following table lists common irregular English verbs, showing the base form, past simple, past participle, and Spanish meaning.

Verbs A to B

• bite / bit / bitten: morder
• bet / bet / bet: apostar
• break / broke / broken: romper
• bring / brought / brought: traer
• build / built / built: construir
• burn / burnt / burnt: quemar
• buy / bought / bought: comprar

Verbs C to D

• catch / caught / caught: coger, agarrar
• draw / drew / drawn: dibujar
• dream / dreamt / dreamt: soñar

Verbs F

• fall / fell / fallen: caerse
• feed / fed / fed: alimentar
• feel / felt / felt: sentir
• find / found / found: encontrar
• fly / flew / flown: volar
• freeze / froze / frozen: congelar

Verbs G to H

• get / got / got: conseguir, recibir
• hear / heard / heard:

Day 1: Arrival in Brussels & City Highlights

Your package tour begins with a trip to Brussels, Belgium. The journey will last three days. On the first day, upon landing and arriving at the hotel, you'll unpack and head to breakfast. Afterward, embark on a walking tour of Brussels, taking in the city's most emblematic sites. A lunch break will be followed by continuing the route through the city.

Day 2: Bruges & Ghent Excursion

Rise early for a quick breakfast and catch a train to Bruges. Enjoy the tranquility of the city in the early hours as you explore its charming streets. Lunch will be at a restaurant in Bruges. Afterward, take the train to Ghent. A guided tour awaits, including a visit to the impressive castle. Conclude the day with...

The Reality of Elite Athlete Salaries

Nowadays, elite athletes earn a lot of money—in some cases, millions. Players from Barcelona and Real Madrid can earn ten million euros.

Effort and Sacrifice in Professional Sports

These athletes deserve what they are paid because they have struggled a lot to get there and are able to achieve all that. There are many sacrifices and efforts required to get rewards like that. Their lives are based on sport; daily, a soccer player trains for at least four hours every day.

Perspectives on Excessive Earnings

A salary of ten million euros is excessive in these times. I think that with less money, these athletes would also be satisfied, and there would be more for other important things. In my opinion, people talk...

Mastering Essential English Irregular Verbs

V1 (Base Form) | V2 (Past Simple) | V3 (Past Participle) | Spanish Meaning

Verbs A - F

• Become | Became | Become | Llegar a ser
• Begin | Began | Begun | Empezar
• Bend | Bent | Bent | Doblar
• Bet | Bet | Bet | Apostar
• Bid | Bid | Bid | Pujar
• Bind | Bound | Bound | Atar, encuadernar
• Bite | Bit | Bitten | Morder
• Breed | Bred | Bred | Criar
• Bring | Brought | Brought | Traer, llevar
• Broadcast | Broadcast | Broadcast | Radiar
• Build | Built | Built | Edificar
• Burn | Burnt/Burned | Burnt/Burned | Quemar
• Burst | Burst | Burst | Reventar
• Buy | Bought | Bought | Comprar
• Cast | Cast | Cast | Arrojar
• Catch | Caught | Caught | Coger
• Choose | Chose | Chosen | Elegir
• Cling | Clung | Clung | Agarrarse
• Cost | Cost | Cost | Costar
• Creep | Crept

Narrative Texts

They dominate the actions of characters at a specific time and place, told through a narrator.

Narrator Types:

• Internal (Character):
  • 1st Person (Player)
  • 2nd Person (Friend, awareness of protagonist...)
  • 3rd Person (Control)
• External (Not a Character):
  • 3rd Person (Objective or Subjective/Omniscient goal)

Spanish Spelling Rules (Accentuation)

1. Accentuation of Compound Words:

Rules for applying accents in compound words:

1. Focus on the second word: (e.g., tenth + seventeenth = seventeenth)
2. Hyphenated compounds: Keep the accent of both words (e.g., physical-chemistry).
3. Compounds ending in -mind: Keep the accent of the adjective (e.g., hard-working).
4. -gramo/-litro/-metro: Compounds do not use accents, maintaining the accent of the preceding word

Saving Endangered Languages

The Berlin Wall's History

Unit 2: Dictation — WITH

Unit 2: Dictation — WITH
He dedicated his victory to his friends, as they had supported him throughout the judo competition. The prize was a trophy, which weighed four kilos, granted by the government of the Generalitat. Then they went to celebrate by eating sausage sandwiches and other embotits (cured meats); for dessert they asked for chocolate cake and nougat.

Since I found out I was pregnant, I could not sleep; my nerves were frayed and I often had to run to the toilet to vomit. Not that I did not want the baby—of course I wanted it—but I wondered how I could provide for it, sewing clothes day and night. I did not think I could manage without crying and needing comfort.

Úrsula was the daughter of the Romanian...