Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and exercises for English for Secondary education

Expo Hotel Barcelona: Your Congress Venue

Accommodating 150 Journalists in Barcelona

Dear Mr. Perez,

Thank you for your interest in Expo Hotel Barcelona. As Head of Reservations, I'm delighted to discuss your upcoming one-week congress for 150 journalists. Your event, with its numerous conferences and seminars, is perfectly suited to our hotel.

Ideal Location & Facilities

Located in Barcelona's business center, our hotel offers easy access to the airport and city-wide transportation. We provide:

• 443 rooms: Accommodating up to 200 attendees (excluding peak seasons).
• 9 meeting rooms: Available 24/7, equipped with high-speed Wi-Fi and fax machines.

To further support your event, we'll provide projectors and promote it extensively on our social media....

Syntactic Evolution from Proto-Germanic to Old English

Apparently, Proto-Indo-European (PrIde) structure was primarily SOV (Subject-Object-Verb), a basic order inherited by the Proto-Germanic (PrGm) language. In addition, PrGm inherited postmodification from PrIde.

In Old English (OE), the SOV pattern was progressively replaced by the SVO (Subject-Verb-Object) pattern, and postmodification was substituted by premodification. The primary aim of these linguistic alterations was to simplify the language and shorten word forms.

The Role of Syncretism in Old English

One of the processes that significantly affected OE was syncretism, which consists of a massive loss of case distinctions. While other Indo-European languages retained more, OE reduced its...

Grammar Review: Part 1

• 1. Had remembered
• 2. Has been living
• 3. Stopped
• 4. Isn’t going to win

Section 2

• 1. To write
• 2. Stealing
• 3. Had not become
• 4. Would speak / spoke

Section 3

• 1. Accused Ted of copying her answers during the exam
• 2. Am / ’m having / getting the house cleaned tomorrow afternoon
• 3. We will have driven for six hours
• 4. Is what you should read if you want suspense.

Section 4

• 1. The social network was created by Mark Zuckerberg
• 2. Facebook was only being used by Harvard students
• 3. Facebook is accessed by millions of people
• 4. His shares could be sold

Vocabulary: Part 1

• 1. Sent to prison
• 2. Get promoted
• 3. Get a discount
• 4. Went online

Section 2

• 1. Focused
• 2. Professional-looking
• 3. Irresponsible
• 4. Biodegradable

Section 3

• 1. Retail therapy
• 2. Life sentence
• 3.

Rome: A Family Adventure

In October 2018, I traveled to Rome for the first time with my whole family.

The capital city of Italy is an extraordinary place to visit. The people are very friendly and extremely proud of their country. Rome is a beautiful, bustling city with a moderate climate. The temperature usually stays around 80 degrees, and the primary mode of transportation is by bus.

Iconic Roman Landmarks

Upon arriving at the hotel and dropping off my belongings, I grabbed my map and headed out. My first destination was the Colosseum, an ancient Roman arena where criminals were once pitted against fierce creatures and Roman soldiers. We also visited the Trevi Fountain; legend says it brings good luck to throw a coin in while facing away from...

A History of the English Church and People

The author tells about an ordinary man named Caedmon who awoke from a dream to find that he had become an accomplished poet overnight.

Text Analysis

Characteristics

Common Irregular Verbs in English

• Say → Said
• Mean → Meant
• Make → Made
• Set → Set
• Go → Went
• Meet → Met
• Take → Took
• Run → Ran
• Come → Came
• Pay → Paid
• See → Saw
• Sit → Sat
• Know → Knew
• Speak → Spoke
• Get → Got
• Lie → Lay
• Give → Gave
• Lead → Led
• Find → Found
• Read → Read
• Think → Thought
• Grow → Grew
• Tell → Told
• Lose → Lost
• Become → Became
• Fall → Fell
• Show → Showed
• Send → Sent
• Leave → Left
• Build → Built
• Feel → Felt
• Understand → Understood
• Let → Let
• Draw → Drew
• Hear → Heard
• Break → Broke
• Stand → Stood
• Spend → Spent
• Write → Wrote
• Cut → Cut
• Hold → Held
• Rise → Rose
• Keep → Kept
• Drive → Drove
• Begin → Began
• Buy → Bought
• Bring → Brought
• Wear → Wore
• Put → Put
• Choose → Chose

Comparative Adjectives Rules

Structure: Noun

1. Passive Voice Exercises

• Who painted this beautiful picture? Who was this beautiful picture painted by?
• They speak English in New Zealand. English is spoken in New Zealand.
• The bank lent me the money I needed to buy the house. I was lent the money I needed to buy the house.
• People think that Mary is really honest. Mary is thought to be really honest.
• A terrible tsunami destroyed the small village. The small village was destroyed by a terrible tsunami.

2. English Translation Practice

• ¿Te has roto alguna vez una pierna? Me rompí la derecha hace 2 años. Have you ever broken your leg? I broke my right leg 2 years ago.
• Hace mucho tiempo que no veo a tu hermano. I haven't seen your brother for a long time.
• No fumo desde septiembre. I haven't smoked since

Understanding Journalistic Texts

Journalistic texts serve to inform, interpret, and shape public opinion. They are categorized into different genres based on their primary function.

Journalistic Genres and Functions

Key Journalistic Forms

News: A concise account reporting on a specific event. News articles often remain unsigned, as the factual event itself holds more importance than the writer's personal opinion or perspective.

Extensive news reports typically consist of three...