Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and exercises for English for Secondary education

Final Test 1 Level 1

Vocabulary

1

1. F 3. T 5. T 7. F 9. T

2. F 4. T 6. T 8. F

2

1. reliable 5. personal

2. description 6. friendship

3. thoughtful 7. happiness

4. argument 8. excited

3

1. warned 5. let-down

2. eventually 6. valuable

3. turned down 7. wall

4. device 8. breathtaking

Grammar

1

1. b 3. b 5. b 7. a

2. a 4. c 6. c 8. c

2

1. would continue

2. was being set up

3. Had ... heard

4. will be sleeping

5. wouldn’t have gone out

6. Have ... arrived

7. does ... own

3

1. live 6. will have

2. are making 7. who

3. don’t want 8. which

4. will be given 9. has been held

5. can 10. offers

Final Test 1 Level 2

Vocabulary

1

1. lucky 6. darkness

2. peaceful 7. leader

3. crowded 8. reach

4. exciting 9. event

5. strangers 10. worth seeing

2

1. exhausted 5. worthless

2. dependable 6. disadvantage

3....

English Language Exercises

Phrases

1. Settle for
2. Inherited
3. Faked
4. Overheard
5. Nodded
6. Flee
7. Got to
8. Take a break

Reasons

1. Because he is jealous
2. Because she cheated on him
3. Because both are artists
4. Because he prefers to ignore them
5. Because she is very strong
6. He doesn't want to know anything about him.

Vocabulary

1. Marriage
2. Appreciative
3. Dedicated
4. Enjoyable
5. Sense
6. Origin
7. Use
8. Lose

More Phrases

1. She has a boyfriend
2. Are overprotective
3. To have a brother
4. Barça scored the goal
5. Be married
6. Very strong
7. Nullify the goal
8. Take after

Relative Clauses

Defining Relative Clauses

1. Alice didn't recognise the man who called out her name.
2. Have you met Jules who you will be staying with next week?
3. They visited the old cathedral, which was very impressive.
4. In the forest, we found a cottage where an old farmer lives.
5. I'm

Present Tenses

• Present Habits: She plays tennis every weekend.
• Present Perfect Simple: I have visited London.
• Present Perfect Continuous: She has been studying for two hours.

Gerunds and Infinitives

• Gerunds (-ing): Used as subjects/objects, after prepositions, and after verbs like liking/disliking, admit, avoid, risk, and suggest.
• Infinitives (to + verb): Used to explain purpose, after adjectives, after "too" and "enough," after ordinal numbers (the first, the last), and after verbs like want, learn, agree, hope, promise, ask, and help.

Past Tenses

• Past Simple: She visited Paris last year.
• Past Continuous: Action in progress or two actions at the same time (e.g., I was reading when the phone rang).
• Used to: Past habits or states (e.g., I used to go swimming

Interpreting Alonso Cueto's "The Blue Hour"

A definition often proposed for a "great novel" or "important narrative" applies to works allowing different levels of reading or multiple approaches—nearly as many interpretations as there are readers. This is precisely the case with The Blue Hour, the Herralde Prize-winning novel by Alonso Cueto.

Layers of Meaning: War, Thriller, and Social Critique

For example, one could align it with Santiago Roncagliolo's Abril Rojo within a barely explored vein of literature concerning the civil war Peru fought against the Shining Path insurgency. It also incorporates elements of police investigation and suspense thriller, handled with well-managed realism and pacing.

Peru's Enduring Divisions: A Nation Fractured

However,...

English Detective Fiction: The Enigma

In English detective fiction, also known as the enigma, the detective must solve a puzzle. This character is presented as an idle individual, acting either independently or upon request. Typically a cultured and intelligent person, they engage in an intellectual duel with the offender. The characters involved usually belong to the upper-middle class.

American Noir: The Hardboiled Style

The American police story, or noir (black), is represented in the underworld—a set of criminals, rogues, and villains who live outside the law. Historically, it is located during the economic crisis of 1929 in the United States. In this genre, the detective goes beyond the limits of the law and ethics, navigating major cities...

Nineteenth-Century Spanish Literary Movements and Authors

Key Authors of Spanish Realism

Benito Pérez Galdós: Master of the Realist Novel

Benito Pérez Galdós (1843-1920) was a prolific Spanish realist novelist, often considered the most important Spanish novelist after Cervantes. His works offer a panoramic view of 19th-century Spanish society.

La Desheredada (1881)

La Desheredada (The Disinherited Lady) is a novel starring Isidora Rufete, a woman who is a victim of her own ideals. She believes she belongs to a noble family but actually lives in poverty. This work belongs to the contemporary novels of Benito Pérez Galdós, published in 1881, and is a prime example of his realist style.

Fortunata y Jacinta

Fortunata y Jacinta (Fortunata and Jacinta)...

Coordinating Conjunctions

• Copulative: (and, or, that)
• Disjunctive: (o, u, or)
• Adversative: (but, nevertheless, however)
• Explanatory: (that is, rather)
• Distributive: (well... well, now... now, some... other)

Subordinating Conjunctions

Modal Periphrasis

Reports on the speaker's attitude toward the verbal action.

Aspectual

Verbs

Verbs are a variable word class characterized by number, tense, mood, voice, and appearance.

Syntax

Syntax is the branch of grammar that studies the structure of sentences.

Sentence Definition

1. Contains at least one simple or compound conjugated verb.
2. Expresses a complete thought.
3. Possesses syntactic independence.

Subject and Predicate

These are the two basic constituents of a sentence:

• Subject: The entity that performs or is linked to the action of the verb.
• Predicate: The part of the sentence that describes the action or state of the subject.

Syntactic Complements

• Indirect Object (CI): Indicates the person, animal, or thing that benefits or is harmed by the verb's action.
• Circumstantial Complement (CC): Indicates circumstances such as time, manner,

Mastering English Verb Conjugation: The Verb "To Be"

Affirmative Form: "To Be"

Negative Form: "To Be"

Interrogative Form: "To Be"

English Grammar Practice

Section 1: Third Person Singular

1. Simon speaks four languages.
2. My brother studies science at school.
3. Paul doesn't go to primary school.
4. Mario often plays football after school.
5. Lisa watches TV when she isn't listening to music.

Section 2: Sentence Transformation

1. Paloma doesn't usually enjoy tennis.
2. It rains in summer.
3. Joe listens to music all the time.
4. Does Jaime help his father at the office?
5. Your team doesn't win all the games.

Section 3: Present Simple Completion

1. I like reading horror books.
2. My sister doesn't enjoy mysteries.
3. She watches tennis matches.
4. Many of my friends listen to pop music.
5. They do not study biology.
6. My father collects stamps.

Section 4: Correcting Errors

1. The leg of the table is broken.
2. This is Borja's bedroom.
3. The roof