Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and exercises for English for Secondary education

English Verb Tenses: Active vs. Passive

Present Simple

• Active: cleans
• Passive: is cleaned

Present Continuous

• Active: is writing
• Passive: is being written

Simple Past

• Active: repaired
• Passive: was repaired

Past Continuous

• Active: was helping
• Passive: was being helped

Present Perfect

• Active: have visited
• Passive: has been visited

Present Perfect Continuous

• Active: have been doing
• Passive: has been being done

Past Perfect

• Active: had repaired
• Passive: had been repaired

Past Perfect Continuous

• Active: had been preparing
• Passive: had been being prepared

Simple Future (Will)

• Active: will finish
• Passive: will be finished

Simple Future (Be Going To)

• Active: is going to make
• Passive: is going to be made

Future Continuous (Will)

• Active: will be washing
• Passive: will be being washed

Future

English Grammar Cheat Sheet

Verb Tenses

Present Simple

Use: habits, routines, facts

Keywords: every day, at night, always, usually, often, sometimes, rarely, never

Present Continuous

Use: actions happening at the moment of speaking

Keywords: at the moment, now, right now, today

Past Simple

Use: completed actions in the past

Keywords: ago, yesterday, last month

Negative/Question Form: did + infinitive verb

Used to

Use: past habits that are no longer true

Structure: subject + used to + infinitive

Negative/Question Form: use to

Past Continuous

Use: actions in progress at a specific time in the past

Keywords: ago, last night, yesterday morning/afternoon

Present Perfect Simple

Use: past actions with a connection to the present

Keywords: already, always, never, ever,...

Boxer's Letter to Napoleon

Monday, September 11th, 2017

Hello comrade Napoleon

Napoleon you know that I'm getting old and my strength is running out, and now I am a horse already a little old.
I am writing to tell you that in all years the farm that the animals we dream is difficult to build and manage, but I promise to keep working hard on the farm, but I need more commitment by part of you, because in the las times there have been broken promises and not all animals are being equal, but I, Boxer, will always keep my motto “Napoleon is always right” and I will always be faithful to my comrade Napoleon

Through the years and hard work, I feel that my health is not the same, I think I'm getting very sick. Long time I have a nuisance in the left...

My Life in Spain

I live in Spain, and the capital is Madrid.

There are Spanish inhabitants in my country, and the language is Spanish. Where I live, we speak Spanish.

The government in my country is a parliamentary monarchy, and the leader is Mariano Rajoy.

The currency we use is the Euro.

The most important celebration is National Day, celebrated on October 12th. My favorite celebration is Carnivals.

The most famous person in my country is Mariano Rajoy. He is the Prime Minister.

A typical characteristic of my country is the tortilla. It is the most typical food in our country.

In my opinion, the good things about my country are good food and a variety of tourist sites.

The bad things in my country are the economic challenges we currently face.

"The

Term Test 3 Level 1

Vocabulary

1 1. a 2. a 3. b 4. c 5. b

2 1. a 2. b 3. a 4. b 5. b

3 1. T 2. F 3. T 4. F 5. F

4 1. marriage 4. charge
2. good manners 5. wander
3. rude

Grammar

1 1. where 5. whose
2. that / when 6. who / that
3. which 7. where
4. who

2 1. that she had to tell me something important
2. if / whether he had heard from Paul
3. to speak louder
4. not to tell anyone
5. if / whether they could come over the next day / the following day / the day after

3 1. Mum asked us if we had already eaten.
2. The customer complained that the food was cold.
3. He warned me not to drive that night.
4. The tour guide informed us that we would arrive at 7 o’clock that night.
5. Beth suggested going to a Japanese restaurant.
6. My teacher announced that she wasn’t giving...

Understanding Expository Texts

1. Definition of Exposition

An exposition is a written or spoken piece that presents or explains a particular subject, matter, or issue, often in response to a request or requirement from an authority.

2. Intention of Expository Texts

The primary intention of expository texts is to inform and explain.

3. Purpose of Expository Texts

Their purpose is twofold: to provide information and to educate the audience.

4. Message Delivery in Expository Texts

The message in an expository text should be conveyed with clarity, simplicity, correctness, and accuracy.

5. Objectivity in Expository Messages

The message should be presented objectively, avoiding personal opinions, self-assessments, and generalizations that do not align with...

Verb Tense Practice

G) Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense:

1. He often brings (bring) me flowers.
2. Did you meet (you / meet) Paul yesterday?
3. Father is working (work) in the garden now.
4. What are you doing (you / do) at the moment?
5. Mr. Jones painted (paint) his house last month.
6. She goes (go) to school on foot every day.
7. It was (be) hot yesterday.
8. The baby is not sleeping (not / sleep) now.
9. He never drives (drive) fast.
10. She left (leave) Paris in 1987.
11. She always goes (go) to church on Sunday.
12. I bought (buy) a new bicycle last week.
13. My family went (go) to the theatre yesterday.
14. Tom lived (live) in London three years ago.
15. My mother is making (make) some coffee now.
16. Sam went (go) to the circus yesterday.
17. I am talking (talk) on the telephone at the moment.

Personal Adjectives: Describing Character

A comprehensive list of adjectives used to describe personality and character traits:

• A: affectionate, aggressive, ambitious, arrogant, assertive.
• C: calm, caring, charming, committed, competitive, confident, conscientious, contrary, curious.
• D: discerning.
• E: empathetic, energetic, extrovert.
• F: fallible, frank.
• G: glib, guilty.
• H: hardworking, heartfelt, high-spirited, honest.
• I: idealistic, impatient, independent, insecure.
• L: loyal.
• M: modest.
• N: narrow-minded.
• O: obstinate, open-minded.
• P: perceptive, persistent, playful, powerful, practical, proud.
• Q: quiet, quick-tempered.
• R: rebellious, reliable, rewarding, ridicule (Note: typically a noun/verb).
• S: self-conscious, self-opinionated, self-righteous, sensible,