Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and exercises for English for Primary education

Understanding Journalistic Genres

Information Genres: Objective Reporting

A journalistic report aims to convey information objectively and truthfully. These reports focus on new issues, current affairs, and topics of social interest.

Key Characteristics of Information Genres

• Objectivity: Manifested through impersonal speech and denotative language, though understandable to any reader. Specific terminology may sometimes be used.
• Predominant Modes: Narration, description, and occasionally dialogue.

Subgenres of Information:

News Report

Presents recent events clearly and objectively, providing information in an inverted pyramid structure or chronologically. It typically consists of a headline, lead (or intro), and the body of the news.

Feature Article

Provides...

Mastering 'Unless' in English Sentences

• 1. People don't go to the doctor if they aren't ill. = People don't go to the doctor unless they are ill.
• 2. If there isn't a traffic jam, we'll be home by five o'clock. = We'll be home by five o'clock unless there is a traffic jam.
• 3. I won't know anything about my friends if they don't write to me. = I won't know anything about my friends unless they write to me.
• 4. They wouldn't have bothered you if they hadn't needed your help. = They wouldn't have bothered you unless they needed your help.
• 5. I'll punish you if you don't tell me the truth. = I'll punish you unless you tell me the truth.

Identifying Conditional Sentences (Zero, First, Second, Third)

• 1. Second Conditional: I would eat fish if there were nothing

Positive and negative aspects of my life in 2175----Is it really beneficial to live in 2175? UTTERLY, my life in 2175 is AWESOME. Living here is very different; PUNCTUALLY my life, my family and my careers have changed a lot. The positive aspects are more than the negative ones and they are AWESOME, however, the negative aspects are CHILLY and INSUFFERABLE due to the lack of emotions.-----The positive aspects are INCREDIBLE and they are more than the negative ones due to the following reasons. First, I have some robots that do the housework for me, so I do not have to clean it anymore. Second, I have studied many careers, and changed my job many times, so I had the opportunity to study five careers in college. It was TOLERABLE to have worked...

Essential English Verb Forms (32 Examples)

1. is
2. becomes
3. has shown
4. don’t fully mature
5. are
6. change
7. keep
8. has been seen
9. is
10. is not
11. are
12. have just taken
13. continues
14. suggests
15. differs
16. have ever been told
17. don’t become
18. have not changed
19. have seen
20. were growing
21. did not see
22. reached
23. began
24. became
25. found
26. learning
27. lay
28. had turned
29. grew
30. went
31. took
32. are living

Key Phrasal Verbs and Prepositional Phrases

1. get over the death
2. get out of this house
3. look after the baby
4. look at the document
5. broke down completely
6. put out the lights (or turn off the lights)
7. keep it on for long
8. the gun went off by accident
9. goes up in the winter (Price/Temperature)
10. gave them back to them
11. I came across a vase
12. take it out / take it back
13. took over the family
14. care for four children
15. I ran across (someone)
16. turn off
17. called off because (of something)
18. gave

**Gerunds and Infinitives**

Understanding the use of gerunds and infinitives is crucial for mastering English. Let's delve into some specific verbs and phrases:

• **Forget, Remember, Try, Regret:**
  • When followed by a gerund (*-ing*), these verbs refer to a past action.
  • When followed by an infinitive (*to* + base verb), they refer to a present or future action.

**Common Phrases with Gerunds**

• **Get used to** (*-ing*)
• **Be used to** (*-ing*)
• **Look forward to** (*-ing*)
• **Can't stand** (*-ing*)
• **Wouldn't mind** (*-ing*)

**Composition Writing Tips**

Here's a basic structure for writing a descriptive composition:

1. **Introduction:** "In this composition, I am going to describe..." (state the topic).
2. **Body Paragraphs:**
   • "In this place, you can do a lot of things

Common Irregular Verbs in English

((ser/estar)(Be)(was/were)(Been))((Empezar)(Begin)(Began)(Begun))((Romper)(Break)(Broke)(Broken))((Traer)(Bring)(brought)(Brought))((Construir)(Build)(built)(built))((Quemar)(Burn)(burnt)(burnt))((Comprar)(Buy)(bought)(bought))((Poder)(Can)(could)(been able to))

((Coger)(Catch)(caught)(caught))((Elegir)(Choose)(chose)(chosen))((Venir)(Come)(came)(come))((Costar)(Cost)(cost)(cost))((Cortar)(Cut)(cut)(cut))((Hacer)(Do)(did)(done))((Soñar)(Dream)(dreamt)(dreamt))((Beber) (Drink)(drank)(drunk))((Conducir)(Drive)(drove)(driven))((Comer)(Eat)(ate)(eaten))

((caer(se))(Fall)(fell)(fallen))((sentir(se))(Feel)(felt)(felt))((luchar/pelear)(Fight)(fought)(fought))((Volar)(Fly)(flew)(flown))((Olvidar)(Forget)(forgot)(forgotten)...

The Plan Unfolds

Jeremy turned his gaze back towards the old dance studio. He could see movement inside, and he knew that in just a few short moments his chance would come. He thought back to his plan. To start a new life, he would have to take someone with him...

The Abduction

Slowly he crept out of his van. The harsh wind slapped him across his face, and it was raining harder than ever. He slowly and silently made his way over to the door of the studio and stood beyond a pole. The door creaked as it was suddenly pushed open. Someone was coming out. Jeremy leapt out from the darkness of his hiding place. He had to be sure it was the right person. In the light shining out from the door, he could make out a small figure with wispy blonde hair....

Brand Shopping: Pros and Cons

I would like to recommend you a restaurant where you will eat the best meat in the city.

It is very usual among young people to buy items just because of their brands. Shops and marketing focus their efforts on promoting these brands.

Pros of Brand Shopping

• Buying brand names is a way of improving your social image.
• Buying well-known products is a good option if you are looking for quality.

Cons of Brand Shopping

• Brand shopping is much more expensive.
• Acquiring low-cost products is better for your economy.
• You can save money and use it for better plans than buying clothes.
• It's true that brand-name products can be more fashionable and even poshy. However, money is important too.

Living Longer: Pros and Cons

Nowadays, our life...

Formal Complaint: Faulty Headphones

To: [email protected]
From: [email protected]
Subject: Complaint about Faulty Headphones

Dear Sir or Madam,

I am writing to express my strong dissatisfaction with the product I purchased from your online store last Tuesday, 19th November. I believe it is important to inform you about the issues I have experienced so that they can be properly addressed.

Reported Issues

• Damaged Hardware: The headphones (Reference No. 58492-B) arrived with a non-functional left speaker.
• Quality Control Failure: Despite claims that the item was “carefully tested before shipping,” the product arrived unusable.
• Poor Customer Support: I was promised assistance within 24 hours, but three days have passed without

Vacations with Friends or Family?

While family vacations have their merits, I believe that traveling with friends offers a more enriching experience. With friends, we can engage in activities that might be deemed too adventurous for family trips, such as thrilling amusement park rides or paragliding. Additionally, vacations with friends allow for greater independence and decision-making, fostering personal growth and maturity.

The Ideal Job: Passion or Paycheck?

In today's consumer-driven society, many prioritize high-paying jobs over personal fulfillment. However, I believe that finding a job that aligns with one's passions and values is crucial for long-term happiness. While financial stability is important, spending years in a role that doesn'...