Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and exercises for English for Other courses

The Impact of Online Shopping on Our Lives

Nowadays, online shopping has changed a lot of our lives. Do you think online shopping has good or bad sides? Online shopping certainly presents both advantages and disadvantages.

Advantages of Online Shopping

On the one hand, here are the primary arguments for using e-commerce:

1. Good Value and Budget-Friendly Options

   One of the main arguments is that things often offer good value. For example, a lot of people buy from Amazon or AliExpress; these online shops often offer competitive pricing, depending on the product.

2. Time Saving and Convenience

   The second advantage of online shopping is that it saves time. You do not have to go to a physical shop because you can view the product online from the comfort of

Techniques in Handling People

1. Don’t criticize, condemn or complain.
2. Give honest and sincere appreciation.
3. Arouse in the other person an eager want.

Six ways to make people like you

1. Become genuinely interested in other people.
2. Smile.
3. Remember that a person’s name is to that person the sweetest and most important sound in any language.
4. Be a good listener. Encourage others to talk about themselves.
5. Talk in terms of the other person’s interests.
6. Make the other person feel important – and do it sincerely.

Win people to your way of thinking

1. The only way to get the best of an argument is to avoid it.
2. Show respect for the other person’s opinions. Never say, “You’re wrong.”
3. If you are wrong, admit it quickly and emphatically.
4. Begin in a friendly way.

Passive Voice

Passive Voice:

• She cleans = is cleaned
• Is cleaning = is being cleaned
• Has cleaned = has been cleaned
• She cleaned = was cleaned
• Was cleaning = was being cleaned
• Had cleaned = had been cleaned
• She will clean = will be cleaned
• Is going to clean = is going to be cleaned
• Has to clean = has to be cleaned

Can be + 3C, Should be +3C, Must have been +3C

Desiderative Sentences

Desiderative Sentences:

1. WISH/ IF ONLY (I wish, he wishes) + finished, didn´t finish
2. WISH /IF ONLY (I wish, he wishes) + had arrived, hadn´t arrived 3C
3. WISH/ IF ONLY (I wish, he wishes) + COULD/WOULD + BASE FORM

Conditional Sentences

Conditional Sentences:

1st Conditional: IF/UNLESS + PRESENT SIMPLE (I work, she Works, I don't work, she doesn't work) == FUTURE SIMPLE (I will allow,...

Franz Kafka's The Metamorphosis features one of the most striking openings in literature. Gregor Samsa wakes to find he has transformed into a giant insect, yet the physical change is not the story's true focus. Kafka uses this transformation to highlight an uncomfortable truth about modern life: Gregor's family and employer valued him solely for his utility. The central theme is that when a person's worth is tied entirely to their productivity, their humanity becomes disposable.

The Dehumanization of Labor

Kafka illustrates that work had dehumanized Gregor long before his transformation. The most shocking aspect of the opening scene is not Gregor's new body, but his reaction to it. Rather than panicking, he worries about missing his train, lamenting,...

Analysis of Burning Bright

The ironies in this book continue to multiply as Montag discovers that Millie was the one who turned in the fire alarm. In fact, it's interesting to note that as Millie makes her abrupt departure, her worries and concern focus only on her television family and not her husband (Montag). Although Beatty feels some remorse over what will happen to Montag, he continues to ridicule him: "Old Montag wanted to fly near the sun and now that he's burnt his damn wings, he wonders why. Didn't I hint enough when I sent the Hound around your place?" Though one's sympathies are, rightly so, with Montag, Beatty is revealed here as a man torn between duty and conscience, which makes him more of an individual and less a villain, less...

Professional and Casual Email Correspondence

Salutations

Formal: Dear Mr./Ms. [Name],
Informal: Hi [Name], / Hello [Name], / [Name],

Previous Contact

• Formal: Thank you for your email of [Date]. / Further to your last email. / I apologize for not getting in contact with you sooner.
• Informal: Thanks for your email. / Re: your email. / Sorry I haven't written for ages, but I've been really busy.

Reason for Writing

• Formal: In reply to your email, here are... / Your name was given to me by... / We would like to point out that...
• Informal: Just a short note about... / I'm writing about... / Here is the [item] you wanted. / I got your name from... / Please note that...

Giving Information

• Formal: I am writing to let you know that... / We are able to confirm that.

Personality Adjectives

Ambition - Ambitious / Cheerfulness - Cheerful (Alegre)

Creativity - Creative / Enthusiasm - Enthusiastic

Flexibility - Flexible / Generosity - Generous

Honesty - Honest / Idealism - Idealistic

Intelligence - Intelligent / Loyalty - Loyal

Maturity - Mature / Modesty - Modest (Modesto)

Optimism - Optimistic / Patience - Patient

Pessimism - Pessimistic / Punctuality - Punctual

Realism - Realistic / Self Confidence - Self Confident

Seriousness - Serious / Shyness - Shy

Sociability - Sociable / Stubbornness - Stubborn (Testarudo)

Sympathy - Sympathetic (Simpático) / Thoughtfulness - Thoughtful (Considerado)

Positive Qualities

• Have a good sense of humor
• Show lots of initiative
• Have physical courage
• Have lots of energy
• Be good at communicating
• Have

Conditional Sentences Exercises

1. A. If the students weren’t late for the exam, they would have passed. (Third Conditional)
2. B. If Luke sent flowers to his mom, she would be so happy.
3. C. We would go to the beach if the weather weren’t so cold. (Second Conditional)
4. D. If you mix yellow and blue, it will turn green. (Zero Conditional)
5. E. We won't be on time if you take so long to get ready.
6. F. I won’t go to the meeting if she doesn’t go first. (First Conditional)
7. G. If you hadn't been so stubborn, we wouldn’t have had that argument.
8. H. It would be less stressful if you arrived earlier to work.
9. I. If the baby had slept tight last night, I wouldn’t have slept so badly. (Third Conditional)
10. J. If you buy the present, I will wrap it up.

Relative Clauses