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Venezuelan Art History: Painters, Sculptors and Architecture

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Venezuelan Painting

Juan Lovera

Born in Caracas on July 11, 1776. Notable works include The April 19, 1810 (1835) and July 5, 1811 (1837).

Martin Tovar y Tovar

  • Born in Caracas, Venezuela, on February 10, 1827.
  • Created portraits of independence heroes (25 waist-up portraits).
  • Famous paintings: Signing of the Declaration of Independence, Battle of Carabobo, and First Black Death.

Antonio Herrera Toro

  • Lived 1857–1914.
  • Notable works: The Death of the Liberator, Self-Portrait, and the decoration of the Cathedral of Caracas.

Cristobal Rojas

  • Lived in Venezuela, December 15, 1857 – 1890.
  • Notable works: Self-Portrait, Death of Girardot, First and Last Communion, Baptism, and Purgatory.

Arturo Michelena

  • Lived in Venezuela, June 16, 1863 – 1898.
  • Notable works: The Sick Child, Charlotte Corday, Back Sides, and The Rod Rotates.

Nineteenth-Century Sculpture in Venezuela

Eloy Palacios

  • Born in Maturin, June 25, 1847 – 1919.
  • Works: Relief of the Battle of Carabobo, The Indian.

Andres Perez Mujica

  • Lived 1879–1920.
  • Works: Monument to Jose A. Paez, Indian Fighter.

Lorenzo Gonzalez

  • Lived 1817–1948.
  • Works: Profond Chagrin, Monument to Francisco de Miranda, Statue of Paez, Ricaurte, and Tempest.

Architecture in Venezuela (Guzman Blanco Era: 1870–1888)

  • National Capitol: Designed by Luciano Urdaneta (expropriated convent of the Conceptions).
  • Municipal Theater: Designed by Esteban Ricardo and Jesus Munoz Tebar.
  • Basilica of Santa Teresa: Built in honor of Ana Teresa Ibarra, wife of Guzman Blanco.
  • The Holy Chapel: Designed by Juan Hurtado Manrique.
  • The Arc of the Federation: Designed by Juan Hurtado Manrique and Emilio Garibaldi.

Painting Influences

Neoclassicism

  • Originated in 18th-century France.
  • Inspired by heroes; characterized by a cold, dull aesthetic.
  • Main artist: Francisco de Goya (1746–1828) (Work: May 2, The Executions).

Romanticism

  • A reaction against the uniformity and rigidity of Neoclassicism.
  • Compositions feature strong, dynamic contrasts (Famous work: Liberty Leading the People by E. Delacroix).

Realism or Naturalism

  • A reaction against Romanticism.
  • Inspired by everyday life rather than medieval themes.
  • Famous work: The Third-Class Carriage by Honore Daumier.

Prestigious Fine Arts Painters

  • Federico Brandt (1878–1932): Work: Interior Wrist.
  • Antonio Edmundo Monsanto (1890–1947): Work: Unknown.
  • Rafael Monasterios (1864–1961): Works: Duaca Neighborhood and Santa Rosa.
  • Manuel Cabre (1890–1984): Work: Ruins of Mill.
  • Armando Reveron (1889–1954):
    • Blue Period: Dominated by the color blue (Work: The Procession of the Virgin of the Valley).
    • White Period: Painted in harmony with dazzling white (Work: The Casillete).
    • Sepia Period: Sadder, sepia tones (Works: Christmas Dolls and Sanitarium Yard).

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