Universal Human Rights: Progress and Global Protection

The Universal Moral and Human Rights Progress

Throughout history, there has been progress and setbacks. Humanity has lost its way very often through wars and the violation of rights. Despite all these uncertainties, a historical progress of mankind can be stated as a principle. Societies evolve into an ethical state when they are released from misery, ignorance, dogmatism, hatred, and the fear of loss. The ethical model of Human Rights (HR) is based on the affirmation of the dignity of all people.

The Three Generations of Human Rights

• First-generation rights: These focus on freedom and are civil and political rights. Through these, people can participate in decision-making and be recognized as persons with the drive to act. They were formulated in the eighteenth century and include the right to life, freedom of conscience and association, and political participation.
• Second-generation rights: These defend equality. Liberty without equality can be unjust. They began to be formulated in the twentieth century and include the right to work, health, culture, and education.
• Third-generation rights: These defend solidarity and were established in recent decades. They include the right to peace and a healthy environment.

Consequences of Human Rights Violations

Adverse Effects of Discrimination

When Human Rights are not respected, the principle that we are equal before the law is ignored. Unfair differences are introduced between classes, genders, and religions, often imposing the will of the strongest.

Insecurity, Poverty, and Violence

• Insecurity: Without the protection of law, individuals are at the mercy of tyrants who can get rid of enemies. They can act at will because they are not controlled.
• Poverty: Assets are distributed unfairly, and corruption extends throughout society.
• Violence and War: When rights are not recognized, the only solution often becomes settling disputes by force, leading to war and violence.

Preamble of the Universal Declaration

The consequences of failing to uphold Human Rights are reflected in the preamble: "Whereas recognition of the inherent dignity and of the equal and inalienable rights of all members of the human family is the foundation of freedom, justice, and peace in the world..." It notes that ignorance of Human Rights has resulted in barbarous acts which have outraged the conscience of humanity. It is essential that Human Rights are protected by the rule of law. The General Assembly of the United Nations proclaims this Declaration.

The Defense of Human Rights

National Laws and Constitutions

For the defense of Human Rights to be more effective, many countries have included a reference to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in their constitutions. Consequently, all laws of the country must agree with it.

International Procedures and Systems

In the international arena, different systems of protection have been created:

• UN High Commissioner for Human Rights: This figure triggers actions in defense of Human Rights and promotes their development.
• Human Rights Council: This body is responsible for monitoring the status of Human Rights in specific countries or territories.
• Specific Committees: These monitor compliance with international treaties on specific Human Rights issues.