Understanding Work Motivation and Job Design

Content theories:

1. Content theories are categorical
2. Motivation as an inference
3. Motivation as need satisfaction
4. Note that the attributions are to the individual as opposed to the social setting of the person

Rewards:

1. Extrinsic
2. Intrinsic
3. Social
4. Note that categories overlap

Maslow’s theory & criticisms:

1. Lower needs must be satisfied before higher needs
2. Order of needs
3. Problems with Maslow’s theory

ERG Theory:

Need for achievement theory:

1. Method of measurement
2. Characteristics of person with a high need for ach.

Criticisms of need theories:

1. Other needs
2. Problems with the need theories

Herzberg’s two factor theory:

1. Two independent factors
2. Problems with Herzberg’s theory

Job design:

1. How jobs became repetitive
2. Classic problem of fragmented jobs & solutions

Hackman & Oldham theory of Job Design:

1. Core job characteristics & psychological states
2. Studies in Sweden
3. Criticism of Hackman & Oldham theory

Lewin’s theory

Dissatisfaction with static concepts with values:

Life space:

1. Topology
2. Life space

Dynamics:

1. Dynamic properties
2. Application
3. Conflict
4. Other applications

Decision making

Rational or Economic model:

Simon’s model of subjective rationality:

Garbage Can Model of Decision making:

Post-decision behavior:

Factors affecting decision making:

Psychology of decision making:

Groups & Teams

Groups:

Group cohesiveness:

Effects of induced force:

Group decision making:

Working relationship between teams study:

Bell study

Teams as a network of interactions:

Measurement of effectiveness & relation to Echo method:

Two-way interaction between nodes:

What can learn from the closer examination of interactions: