Understanding Sentence Structure and Grammatical Functions

Grammatical Sentence Components

Treatment: This is a function that plays a prepositional phrase, which we do not choose if the governing verb is present.

Attribute: Role of a VP, AP, or SPREP. It appears with linking verbs and semi-copulative verbs. It can be pronominalized. The attributes range over qualities of the subject, copula verbs, and identified elements.

Preaching (Predicate): Performed by an NP or a Sadje (Adjective Phrase/Adverbial Phrase, assuming context). It will not couple with VBOS (Verbs without complements). You cannot pronominalize it with 'LO'. The PVO (Verbal Phrase Object/Predicate) provides features to the subject or the CD (Direct Object) of the prayer/sentence. For these, the worth of a copula and VBO (Verb without Object) is not PVO; besides that, the noun complement and the incident on the VBO also indicate how the verbal action occurs.

Sentence Formation

Sentence Made (Oración): It is the linguistic unit consisting of two or more propositions marked by verbs. Approach: A linguistic unit that possesses sentence structure (Subject/Predicate) but is completely meaningless on its own.

Clause Relationships

Coordination:

• You can link words that perform the same syntactic function.
• In a compound sentence, propositions are equally important, maintaining some autonomy while uniting to create a wider unit than in simple sentences.

Subordination:

• They connect words that depend on each other. We use prepositions.
• It is the mechanism that links propositions that are not on the same level of importance: there is one more important (main) and another (subordinate) which depends on the main proposition, complements it, and performs a syntactic function within it.

Juxtaposition: A special way of joining coordinate or subordinate propositions. This consists of linking them using suspension marks (commas, semicolons, or colons: , ; :).

Types of Coordination (CORDINA)

Copulative (Sums): Propositions add their meanings (links: and, nor).

Adversative: The second proposition corrects or contrasts the meaning of the first (links: but, however).

Disjunctive (Dilemma): There are two mutually exclusive options; if we choose the first, we reject the second, and vice versa.

Explanatory: The second proposition clarifies the meaning of the first (links: namely, i.e.).

Distributive: Shares that are not excluded (links: since... since..., well... well..., here... there...).

Reflexive Voice (SE)

Variations include:

1. Impersonal 'to be'
2. Passive voice
3. Reflexive variations (CI) P. Reflexive (CD/CI)
4. Reciprocal (CD/CI) VBOS pronouns, dative of interest.