Third spanish republic
The radical-reformist biennium CEDA.
After the adoption of the Constitution, started a new period with a government headed by Manuel Azana formed by Left Republicans and Socialists, this period was known as the Reform Biennium (1931-1933). In December, Niceto Alcala Zamora was elected President of the Republic.
The Republican-Socialist government launched a comprehensive reform program in an unfavorable economic environment, marked by the rise in unemployment. These were the main measures and the consequences that resulted:
- Labour reforms, initiated by the Ministry of Labour by the Socialist Largo Caballero, who favored the position of workers and unions and found strong opposition from employers, this meant that the government of Manuel Azana feud with the economic power groups . In addition, the CNT (anarchist) launched a revolutionary wave that brought the arrest of the agitators, which culminated in a general strike in January 1932, which was followed in some cities.
- Education reform: it conducted a comprehensive program of school construction and teacher recruitment: 6750 schools and 7000 teachers with better salaries. Along with this began teaching mixed (boys and girls together) and the Catholic religion was no longer a compulsory subject (Law of Religious Congregations), which sharpened the confrontation with the Catholic Church and its hierarchy in Spain. In 1932 also broke the Society of Jesus, which had great weight in the Spanish university.
- Military Reform: Seeking to ensure the loyalty of the army to the new republican regime and lead to a reduction of the excessive number of officers were required oath of allegiance to the new republican regime, they can choose those who refused to do voluntary retirement with full pay . (Retirement Act during the interim government due to the work in the ministry of War Manuel ana).
Land reform was approved in September 1932 the Basic Law of Agrarian Reform. With it looking for the resettlement of landless farmers in estates under-exploited. Its implementation was a failure and very few farmers benefited from the law. This caused widespread disappointment among the peasantry in an economic context of rising unemployment.