Political Ideologies and State Foundations Analysis

Political Ideologies and State Foundations

Liberalism: Tradition linking the relationship between citizens and the competition for power in the private market. Democracy is the configuration of a competitive market in this sphere.

Republicanism: Revealed through conscious citizens and their role as participants in the sphere of state-guided cooperation, emphasizing a collective sense of public interest.

Democratic State

Democracy is the possibility of transforming the status quo. Democratic exercise allows a state to change its laws based on its own principles. It ensures real citizen participation in the public sphere, linking all members of society. This creates the possibility of transforming rights. The democratic subject becomes responsible and recognizes obligation as the main actor in the state's reality, identifying as the principal actor in political activity and state construction.

Rule of Law

A state based on law (legality) that promotes and guarantees fundamental rights (e.g., Human Rights, Article 5).

Lenio Streck's Vision

• Formal Vision: The State is subject to the judicial activity of its own law, even if it self-governs.
• Material Vision: Legal production must meet the public interest.
• Hierarchy: The state is organized hierarchically across all its institutions and public policies.

Political Thinkers and Concepts

Machiavelli

Focuses on the idea of centralized power and pragmatic policy (real, objective, and practical).

Key concepts include the principle of public order (public administration) and the process of modern state formation (institutionalization and standardization of law to ensure state order).

Hobbes

Associated with Social Contract Theory, which attempts to establish reasonable criteria for reciprocal and reflexive relaxation between civil society and the state.

Core principles derived from this contract:

• Authority: Legalized power with a monopoly, established according to the will of individuals (transfer of power).
• Legality: Exists because of the contract.
• Equality
• Rationality

Rousseau

Emphasizes the people and popular sovereignty (the exercise of legitimate political activity of the state).

Key concepts:

• Legitimacy: Requires capacity and freedom of choice to vote or deliberate.
• Citizens are identifiable through their rights and freedoms.
• The state is an organ representing a dynamic phenomenon with integrated management activity features.
• Individualism