Neuroscience Notes: Brain Structures, Neurotransmitters, and Neural Function

Neuroscience Notes: Brain Structures and Neural Function

Cells of the Nervous System

Multi CNS

Bi see/hear; Uni touch @ Astro support/nutrients: glucose/lactate/glycogen/scar tissue.

Olig CNS myelin; Micro dead neurons/debris; Schw PNS 1 myelin.

Brain Regions and Meninges

Cl hyp; Na+ out/dep; K+ out; Ca enzyme (dep) @ Pia in/saran wrap.

Sub between pia/arach/brain floats; Arac mid sponge; Dur out/flex @ Temp aud/mem; Crblm motor; Frt plan; Par perc; Occ vis @ Cn. Sulc. between pmc & pssc @ Fis. L gr; Sulc S gr; Gyr bulg @ Thlms sensory brnstm → 4brn/crtx; Hypth endocrn.

4 Fs; Pitu endocrn; Tctm s. colcli vis/i. cocli aud; Tgmtm retic. arous. peri fite/mate red nucl./subs nigra motor control; Pons fibers 4brn → spine; Md.Ob. base of brnstm/vitals.

Neurotransmitters and Receptors

Ago bind/actvt/blk rptke/blk ACh; Antg inhibit/prvnt rptke; @ Area Pstrm weak bldbrn @ btlnm tox prvt aCh @ monoamine cat: dop/epi/nor; ind: sero; inc. DA @ 5-HT in rap. nuc. tryptpn rptke: /prz/zlft/clx/lxp @ NE loc. coe. @ DA substn nigr/prknsns /coke.

GABA main inhbt/barbtrt (ind. ago epsp)/benzo (ind. ago epsp)/allows Cl/IPSP on post/disrupt brain act. @ Gltmte main exci; Ketamine EPSP on post/excit lesn/neuron death/kill cell bodies; Glycn IPSP on post; Nissl cell bodies/olig.

Neuroimaging and Research Methods

@ RETRO-IN ANTRO-out/chem inject → axons; MRI task/struc chang; PET poor; EEG awake @ ChR2 yellow EPSP; NpHR blue IPSP @ cur prlzy; atro eyes @ stain → active; imnhchmstry antibodies → protein.

Sensory Processing and Sleep

Opticdisk blndspt @ gang AP @ LGN axon ret. Gngln cells term. @ When tallest cilium EPSP: Ca2+ → /K+ → /gltmt release; @ cochlr plc code aud. sys encode freq. @ aud. nrv. fib. synps. cochlr ncls @ insrtnl plques ion channels/recpt pot.

@@ DELTA st 4 EEG dysnchr awake/REM (gets longer during night/loss of muscl); slow wave ¾ hardest to wake/restor. Brain rest @@ aCh awake/adeno IPSP for nucl. basal./caffeine ant. active/awake by astro. VLPA cortical synchrony @ hypocretin/orexin flipflop/on + EPSP @ basilar anchor/base 4 hair cell; optic rad. axonal projct from LGN → PVCrtx; rap.nucl cort. desync.

Reproductive Development and Fear Conditioning

Wolffian male int.; GnRh pub. sex.; Gametes ½ gen. info; gonads single Y gene → testes?; Sex of fetus → sperm; XY; andro.insens.syn. gnds → tests/anti-mull/wolf no dev./XY no int. sex organs.

Cong. and. hyp. Fem gen/boytoy/likefem; BNST sex. iden.; LA most input; CE main out; CS+ blue shock (US); CS- yellow no shock; Mg remove Ca → cell.