Modern Economic Sectors and Transport Infrastructure

Tertiarization and Economic Outsourcing

Economic outsourcing is the process by which the tertiary sector of the economy is gaining weight with respect to the others. It suggests that the industry tends to outsource when it incorporates new technologies that require less labor and other services.

Services to Production

Services to production are tertiary activities that support industrial production, both previous and post to it. These activities have come to exceed actual employment in production, which tends to be reduced by increased mechanization.

Transport Networks and Infrastructure

Transport Networks

Transport networks constitute the system of spatial organization of transport. They consist of three main elements:

• Paths, axes, or road corridors: These include railways, sea, or air routes that connect the places of origin and destination.
• Nodes or foci: These are centers of generation and attraction of flows, which often coincide with urban areas.
• Flows: The featured items or people transported through the networks.

Accessibility and Road Types

Accessibility is the degree of ease or difficulty of reaching a place from other locations with different geographical positions. It depends on the distance and the provision of infrastructure and transport services.

A highway is a large-capacity road equipped with separate roadways for traffic and is free of level crossings. Another type of highway (dual carriageway) is similar to the first via the existence of separate roads for the two directions of traffic, but lacks some features, such as the complete absence of level crossings.

Logistics and Freight Management

Logistics freight transport includes the planning, organization, management, and implementation of transport activities for goods within the supply chain.

Logistics platforms are areas in which different operators carry out activities related to the logistics of freight, both nationally and internationally. Dry ports are multi-modal freight terminals located within a country which have direct links to seaports and may include customs services.

Tourism and Seasonal Demand

Tourism is the joint activities undertaken by people in their travel and stay outside their usual environment for leisure, business, or other reasons without pay and for a period of less than one year.

A package tour involves the reservation of a trip that combines at least two of these elements: lodging, transportation, and additional services (tours, tickets for shows, etc.) sold at an inclusive and indivisible price through a travel agent or tour operator.

The tourist season refers to the concentration of tourism demand in certain months. In Spain, this is concentrated in the summer months.