Modern Agricultural Practices and Rural Economic Policy in Spain

Modern Irrigation and Agricultural Productivity

Drip and spray irrigation have recently exceeded the totals of gravity irrigation, with variations depending on the characteristics of each autonomous community. Biotechnology research and TMB have contributed to increased agricultural productivity due to advances in the selection of seeds, livestock breeds, GM crops, and cloning.

Political Factors in Agriculture

Land policy seeks to ensure the stability of the sector and optimal conditions for agricultural producers. There are different policies to resolve structural problems in Spanish agriculture, such as water shortages and the inadequate size of farms.

Water Management Landmarks

• Hydraulic works
• Creation of the National Institute of Colonization
• National irrigation plan

Land Consolidation Policies

To address the inadequate size of farms, policies such as land consolidation have been implemented. This process, conducted by the national land consolidation authority, groups plots into a single holding, which facilitates viability. Key benefits include:

• Increasing land available for cultivation
• Requiring fewer access points
• Saving the farmer time and movement

The Common Agricultural Policy (CAP)

Since Spain's entry into the EU, the CAP has governed all activity in rural spaces. Due to its importance, it deserves separate consideration.

Economic Activities in Rural Areas

Agriculture

The farming sector in Spain has modernized significantly. It has transitioned from traditional agriculture to a family farm business model with high-technology investments in machinery.

Crop Classification

Crops are classified according to various criteria:

• Water supply:
  • Dry farming: Water supplied by rainfall is sufficient.
  • Irrigation: Requires additional water inputs (e.g., potatoes, lettuce).
• Performance:
  • Extensive: Production per unit area and worker is low, typically associated with dry farming (e.g., wheat, barley).