Modal Verbs, Modal Perfect, and Cleft Sentences

Modal Verbs

Choose the most correct alternative

1. Young people in Israel **must** do military service. It’s the law.
2. I think you **ought to** be quiet now - you’ll wake up the neighbors.
3. There **has to be** a sign here telling people not to park.
4. I’m sorry, you can’t buy alcohol. You’re too young.
5. I’ve got an idea; we should ask **an** adult to help us.
6. It’s possible that he doesn’t understand the instructions. He **might not** have understood the instructions.
7. She **is able to** do whatever she wants. She can do whatever she wants.
8. You don’t **have to** listen to him. He’s not your boss. You don’t **need to** listen to him. He is not your boss.
9. We **are obliged to** wait here until a police officer arrives. We **must** wait here until a police officer arrives.
10. You **aren’t allowed to** get married until your parents agree. You can’t get married **despite** your parents giving their consent.

Modal Perfect

11. You **needn’t have** / need to / hadn’t had / mustn’t have bought a present. That was **every king** you. **Needn’t have**.
12. He can have / **could have** / have had / need have broken into the bank. **Could have**.
13. She couldn’t have / must have / might have / should have smashed the windows. She was in the cinema with me. **Couldn’t have**.
14. The protest **must have** / might have / need have / need to ended peacefully if the police hadn’t arrived. **Might have**.
15. You couldn’t have / mustn’t have / needn’t to / need shouted to your teacher. That was rude and unnecessary. **Mustn’t have**.

16. They **needn’t have** arrested so many of those young rioters.
17. You **didn’t need to** tell me about it - I already knew.
18. Why wasn’t she wearing your helmet? She **could have** been killed!
19. That was quite rude. You really **needn’t have** said that.
20. Nobody told her anything about the party. She **couldn’t have** known (know) about it.

Cleft Sentences

Choose the best option to make both sentences mean the same.

21. Linda doesn’t like pizza. - It’s **pizza** what Linda doesn’t like.
22. My mother made the chocolate cake - It was **my mom** who made the chocolate cake.
23. The HP computer does not work - The computer that does not work is the **HP**.
24. I download music because I can listen to it while doing some exercise - The reason why I download music is that I can listen to it while doing some exercise.
25. It’d science fiction TV series what I watch on Netflix - What I like from Netflix is **science fiction TV**.