Mastering Persuasive Argumentation Techniques

Understanding Argumentative Discourse

Argumentation is a mode of discourse used to defend an idea by providing reasons for its arrangement in order to persuade the recipient of your validity. Every argumentation consists of:

• The object or subject of the argument.
• The thesis, which is the opinion of the arguer on the issue.
• The arguments or reasons used to support the thesis.

The Structure of Argumentative Texts

• Introduction: We report the issue and attempt to capture the attention of the recipient.
• Exhibition: It explains the basic information and outlines the thesis.
• Argumentation: We present a case that defends the thesis.
• Conclusion: The text closes with a summary of the most relevant aspects of the argument.

Classification Criteria for Arguments

Arguments can be classified according to three main criteria:

1. Classification by Role

• The arguments used to support one's views are called supporting arguments.
• The counter-arguments are used to reject all or part of opposing opinions.

2. Classification by Content

These arguments are based on cultural or social values accepted by speakers. We can distinguish several types of arguments:

• Argument of the Majority: The most numerous is preferable to the less numerous.
• Argument of Utility: What is useful is preferable to what is not.
• Argument of Ethics: The moral is preferable to the immoral.
• Hedonistic Argument: The pleasant is preferable to the unpleasant.
• Other Arguments: These include aesthetic, quality, and emotion-based arguments.

3. Classification by Purpose

• Rational Argument: When the issuer's intention is to demonstrate his thesis, he uses rational arguments that analyze and assess the facts.
• Emotional Argumentation: When the intention is to persuade the receiver, the sender often uses emotional arguments or appeals to feelings.

Common Argumentative Genres

Argumentation is very present in daily life. Written argumentative genres are classified into three main groups:

• Issuances: In this instance, one is requesting a service from the administration; it manifests itself in the form of a reclamation or complaint.
• Newspaper Articles: These are used to disseminate opinions on current events.
• Literary Texts: In the essay, the author addresses an issue in a thoughtful and non-specialist manner.