Mastering Evidentiality and Authorial Stance in Academic Writing

AUTHORIAL-RESPONSIBILITY El autor asume la verdad

Bare claim: (sin marca)

Lessening: may, might, could, probably, possibly

Explicit belief: I believe, in my opinion, we should say

(Smoking causes cancer, It may be difficult, I think it's true)

PERCEPTION Evidencia de los sentidos o inferencia lógica

Verb: seem, appear, Adj: clear, obvious, evident, Adv: clearly, obviously, apparently

(It appears broken, It is clear that...)

NORMALITY Algo habitual o esperable ej. Usually, generally, normally, typically, officially (Officially bought Twitter)

EXTERNAL-AUTHORITY Voz externa (persona, dato, organización)

Explicit: According to X, X states/argues, Generic: Scientists believe, Anonymous: reportedly, allegedly, Data: The data shows (According to Musk..., It is reported that...)

INTERNAL-LOGIC Conclusión lógica de premisas anteriores Consequence: consequently, therefore, thus, as a result, so

Premise: as, because, since, Structuring: firstly, secondly, moreover (Consequently, X happened ...As Y is true)

POSTURA DEL AUTOR (AUTHORIAL STANCE) – solo con EXTERNAL-AUTHORITY

Aligning (acuerdo) proves, establishes, shows, correctly, convincingly, recent studies show (Smith proves that X is true.)

Neutral (sin juicio) claims, states, argues, suggests, according to, reportedly (Smith claims that X.)

Distancing (desacuerdo) wrongly claims, falsely, however, but, yet, on the other hand (Smith wrongly claims that X. However,...)

Prueba rápida: ¿Puedes añadir “But I disagree”? → distancing. ¿Y “And I agree”? → aligning. ¿Ambas? → neutral.

CÓMO ANALIZAR

Subraya > escribe: Source + Subtype > Cuenta cuántos cada Source > Calcula porcentajes (ej. *5/22 = 22,7%*).

Comenta el patrón: “El autor usa sobre todo X para Y, y apenas Z, lo cual es adecuado para este tipo de texto.”

REESCRIBIR FRASES de x pasa a x ej

Perception (It seems that) > verbo, adjetivo o adverbio de percepción ej. It appears that... / It is evident that... / Apparently...

Epistemic modality (Maybe)> modal auxiliar, adjetivo u otro adverbio ej. Might / It is possible that / Perhaps

Logical consequence (Consequently)> therefore, thus, as a result, so ej.Therefore, the course was effective.

Attribution (According to Smith) > proyección explícita, genérica, anónima, adverbio o mental ej.Smith states that... / It is claimed that... / Allegedly... / Smith thinks that...

ERRORES

but, however→ Authorial-Stance: distancing (cuando siguen a una afirmación ajena).

No confundir should de obligación (deontic) con should de probabilidad (epistémico → sí es evidencial).

I think→ Authorial-Responsibility: explicit belief.

Officially es Normality, no External-Authority (a menos que sea claramente “según X oficial”).

Possibility (sustantivo) es Authorial-Responsibility: lessening, igual que may.