Key Vocabulary
- Trend: Tendencia
- Willing: Disposat
- Instant: Immediat
- Straight: Directament
- Passer-by: Vianant
- Crew: Equip
- Pursued: Perseguir
- Crowd: Multitud
- Emerged: Surgido
- Fiancee: Promesa
- Fool: Enganyar
- Overwhelmed: Abrumado
- Surrounded: Envoltat
- Infatuation: Fascinació
- Pressure: Pressió
- Bodyguards: Guardaespaldas
- In the spotlight: Estar en el punt de mira
- Catch: Agafar
- Take: Fer
- Go: Anar
- Publicity: Publicitat
- Autograph: Autògraf
- Lavish: Luxós
- Role models: Model de conducta
- Outrageous: Escandalós
- Idol: Ídol
- Heiress: Eredéra
- Worship: Idolatrar
- Wealthy: Ric
- Gossip: Xafardejar
- Talent scout: Cercapromeses
- Notorious: Notori
- Drive: Empentat
- Spoilt: Consentit
- Controversial: Polèmic
- Tabloids: Premsa del cor
Gerunds and Infinitives
Gerunds (-ing form)
- Use a gerund after prepositions (e.g., at, on, in, for, of, about, with, without).
- Use a gerund as a subject (e.g., Being famous has its challenges).
- Use a gerund after these verbs: continue, deny, detest, dislike, enjoy, finish, hate, like, love, miss, prefer, recommend, suggest.
- Use a gerund after these expressions: be used to, get used to, can't stand, don't mind, wouldn't mind, it's no use, look forward to.
Infinitives (to + base form)
- Use an infinitive after adjectives (e.g., It's difficult to learn a new language).
- Use an infinitive after too (e.g., It's too hard to understand).
- Use an infinitive after these verbs: agree, appear, choose, decide, hope, learn, plan, promise, refuse, seem, try, want, wish.
Verbs with Both Gerunds and Infinitives
- Remember:
- Remember + gerund: Remembering something in the past (e.g., I remember meeting her last year).
- Remember + infinitive: Remembering to do something in the future (e.g., Remember to call me tomorrow).
- Forget:
- Forget + gerund: Forgetting something in the past (e.g., I'll never forget visiting Paris).
- Forget + infinitive: Forgetting to do something (e.g., I forgot to lock the door).
- Regret:
- Regret + gerund: Regretting something in the past (e.g., I regret saying that).
- Regret + infinitive: Regretting something in the future (e.g., We regret to inform you that the flight is delayed).
- Stop:
- Stop + gerund: Stopping a habit (e.g., He stopped smoking).
- Stop + infinitive: Leaving to do something different (e.g., She stopped to buy some coffee).
Conjunctions and Contrast Words
- In spite of, Despite: A pesar de
- Although, Though, Even though: Encara que
- Nevertheless, Still, Yet, However: De totes maneres
- While, Whereas: Mentre que
- In contrast to, Unlike: Al contrari de
- On the contrary: Al contrari
Verb Tenses
Present Simple
- Regular habits (e.g., I go to the gym every day).
- General truths (e.g., The sun rises in the east).
- Stative verbs (e.g., I believe you).
Present Continuous
- Actions happening now (e.g., I am studying English).
- Temporary actions (e.g., She is living in London this month).
- Plans in the near future (e.g., We are meeting for lunch tomorrow).
Past Simple
- Completed actions in the past (e.g., I visited Rome last year).
- A series of completed actions in the past (e.g., I woke up, had breakfast, and went to work).
Past Continuous
- Incomplete actions at a specific time in the past (e.g., I was reading a book at 8 PM yesterday).
- Incomplete actions interrupted by another action (e.g., I was watching TV when the phone rang).
- Two incomplete actions in progress in the past (e.g., While I was cooking, she was cleaning).
Past Perfect Simple
- A completed action that took place before another action in the past (e.g., I had finished my work before he arrived).
Present Perfect Simple
- An action that happened in the past and continues in the present (e.g., I have lived here for five years).
- An action that happened at an indeterminate time in the past but is connected to the present (e.g., I have seen that movie).
Future Simple
- Predictions (e.g., It will rain tomorrow).
- Plans (e.g., I will travel next year).
- Spontaneous decisions (e.g., I will help you).
Future Perfect Continuous
- A completed action in the future (e.g., By next year, I will have been working here for ten years).
Future Continuous
- Actions in progress at a future time (e.g., I will be studying at this time tomorrow).
Present Perfect Continuous
- An action that started in the past and continues in the present (e.g., I have been learning English for six months).
- An action whose results are still apparent (e.g., It has been raining; the ground is wet).
Past Perfect Continuous
- An action that continued up to another past action (e.g., I had been waiting for an hour when she finally arrived).
