Mastering English Grammar: Conditionals, Passive Voice, and Reported Speech

Conditional Sentences

• If she were rich, she could buy a new house.
• Five years ago, I would have signed the contract if I had known.
• If there were no snow, we wouldn’t ski.
• They could pass the exam easily if they had studied a bit.
• If she were to accept the rules, she would have fewer problems.
• They would work harder if you were to ask them.
• If you had asked me before, you would have avoided the mistake.
• As soon as they arrive, we are having dinner.

Passive Voice Transformations

• The students passed the exam. / The exam was passed by the students.
• She has never committed a mistake. / A mistake has never been committed by her.
• They will see the match. / The match will be seen by them.
• I don’t like pets. / Pets aren’t liked by me.
• He is playing the violin. / The violin is being played by him.
• We had delivered all the food. / All the food was delivered by us.
• John breeds cattle. / Cattle are bred by John.
• Brenda has been protecting her children all her life. / All her life, the children have been protected by Brenda.
• They will have won the World Cup by Sunday afternoon. / By Sunday afternoon, the World Cup will have been won by them.

Reported Speech

• "I am the strongest man in the world." / He said that he was the strongest man in the world.
• "Veronica hasn’t been to the concert." / Veronica said that she hadn’t been to the concert.
• "Did you ask your sister?" / He asked if I had asked my sister.
• "Where is the supermarket?" / He asked where the supermarket was.
• "We are playing ball." / They said that they were playing ball.
• "Could you please pass the salt?" / He asked if I could please pass the salt.
• "You are stupid." / He said that she was stupid.
• "We sold our house yesterday." / They said that they had sold their house the day before.
• "I will spend all my money next week." / He said that he would spend all his money the following week.

Gerunds and Infinitives

• There’s no point in spending money.
• We can’t be spending money every time.
• She wants to spend money.
• They enjoy spending money.
• I decided not to spend money.
• She hates spending money on cars.
• Do you suggest spending money?
• They shouldn’t be spending money on beaches.
• She warned me she was spending money.
• I’m looking forward to spending money.