Mastering English Conditionals and Grammar Structures

English Conditionals

• 0 Conditional: If + Present Simple + Present Simple
• 1st Conditional: If + Present Simple + will + infinitive
• 2nd Conditional: If + Past Simple + would + infinitive
• 3rd Conditional: If + Past Perfect + would have + past participle

Mixed Conditionals

• 3rd + 2nd Conditional: If + Past Perfect + would + base verb
• 2nd + 3rd Conditional: If + Past Simple + would have + past participle

If Only / I Wish

• 1. If only / I wish + Past Simple: Used for desires regarding the present or future.
• 2. If only / I wish + would + infinitive: Used when you want a near-future situation to change (often expresses annoyance).
• 3. If only / I wish + Past Perfect: Used to express regret or past wishes.

Alternatives to "If"

• Whether: si
• In case: en caso de
• As long as: siempre y cuando
• As soon as: en cuanto / tan pronto como
• Provided that: siempre que
• On condition that: a condición de que
• Only if: solo si
• Even if: aunque
• Unless (If not): a menos que / si no

Inverted Conditionals

• 1st and 0 Conditional: Replace "if" with "should" and use the bare infinitive. (e.g., Should he remember his own name...)
• 2nd Conditional: Use "were" + subject + to + infinitive. (e.g., Were he to push that button...). If the verb is "to be," use: Were I ridiculously rich...
• 3rd Conditional: Use "had" + subject + past participle. (e.g., Had we arrived sooner...)
• Note: If the sentence is negative, add "not" after the subject.

Safety and Danger Expressions

• Take control: tomar el control
• Measures: medidas
• Worldwide: en todo el mundo
• Shuts down: se cae / se desploma
• Debris: escombros
• Grab: agarrar
• Put in danger: poner en peligro
• At stake: en juego / en peligro
• Watch your step: vigila tus pasos
• Touch-and-go: algo delicado
• Be on the safe side: estar en el lado seguro
• Run the risk: correr el riesgo
• Out of danger: fuera de peligro
• In safe hands: en buenas manos
• Close call: por los pelos
• At your own risk: por su cuenta y riesgo

Adjectives + Prepositions

• Interested in: interesado en
• Similar to: similar a
• Shy about: tímido sobre
• Good at: bueno en
• Indifferent to: indiferente a
• Shocked by: conmocionado por
• Aware of: consciente de
• Fond of: aficionado a
• Afraid of: con miedo de
• Familiar with: familiarizado con
• Bad for: malo para
• Protected from: protegido de
• Famous for: famoso por
• Kind to: amable con
• Curious about: curioso sobre
• Opposed to: contrario a
• Safe from: a salvo de
• Successful at: con éxito en
• Proud of: orgulloso de
• Pleased about: satisfecho con
• Married to: casado con