Liturgical Vestments and Ecclesiastical Attire Explained

Casulla

Wide liturgical vestments. Colors:

• White: Used at feasts of Jesus (Epiphany, Christmas), the Virgin, and Saints.
• Purple: Advent (before Christmas), Lent, and for the Dead.
• Red: Jesus festivals, the Passion, Holy Spirit, and Martyrs.
• Green: The most used color for Sundays and special occasions.

Dalmatic

Used in the 2nd and 3rd centuries in Rome, this was a sort of cloak adorned with purple stripes. It originated in Dalmatia (Croatia, Montenegro, and northern Albania), becoming the dress of senators and other distinguished persons. Deacons wear the dalmatic while exercising their ministry.

Mitra (Miter)

A hat worn by bishops and abbots since the 10th century. Formed by two pieces of fabric sewn together and open at the top, it is a symbol of power and spiritual service.

Infulae

The two strips hanging behind the miter. They signify that the minister must hold the belief of both the Old and New Testaments.

Solideo (Zucchetto)

A skullcap worn by bishops that covers the crown of the head. Colors denote rank: red for cardinals, purple for bishops, and white for the Pope. It symbolizes God's protection and devotion to God alone.

Bonete (Biretta)

A hat used by priests and monsignors, which could be worn over the skullcap.

Capelo

A wide-brimmed hat inspired by the traditional pilgrim's cap.

The Choir Habit

The full habit includes the cassock, cape, hat, and socks, all of the same color. It is used during great feasts, such as the Pope's funeral.

Roquete (Surplice)

A short species of alb worn over the cassock, often used by acolytes.

Mozzetta

A short cape buttoned down the front, used as part of the choir habit. It can be worn with a cap or skullcap.

Humeral Veil

Named after the humerus bone, this is a veil approximately two feet long, placed over the shoulders and fastened by a clasp in front.

Badges of Dignity

• Ring: Given to a priest when he is consecrated as a bishop.
• Crosier: Used by bishops and archbishops. It is rounded, though the Pope's is topped by a crucifix.
• Pectoral Cross: A cross made of gold, silver, or ivory.

Tiara

The papal tiara consists of three crowns symbolizing the power of the Pope:

• Upper Crown: Represents the glory of being the servant of the servants of the Church.
• Central Crown: Represents earthly power and the authority given by Christ to Peter.
• Lower Crown: Represents spiritual power, signifying the Pope as the teacher and universal leader of the Church.