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Key Events of the Interwar Period and World War II

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Key Historical Milestones

When was Black Thursday?
October 24th, 1929

What was the most important concentration camp?
Answer: Auschwitz

When did Francoism start?
In 1939

The Roaring Twenties in the United States

Between 1922 and 1929, the United States experienced massive industrial growth. This was due to the production line method, standardized production, and the rise of large corporations.

The standard of living rose, and the consumer society was born.

This period of growth, prosperity, and optimism in the United States is known as the Roaring Twenties.

The Fight for Women's Rights

Emmeline Pankhurst (1858–1928)

What Was Fascism?

Italian Fascism reflected the personality of Benito Mussolini, who founded the National Fascist Party in November 1921. Its main characteristics are:

  • Opposition to democracy and communism
  • The role of the state
  • A single political party
  • Violence
  • Monopoly of the media and propaganda
  • A state-controlled economy
  • Nationalism and inequality
  • Militarism

European Dictatorships in the Interwar Period

  • 1921: Dictatorship in Hungary led by Horthy.
  • 1922: Dictatorship in Italy led by Mussolini.
  • 1923: Dictatorship in Spain led by Primo de Rivera.
  • 1926: Dictatorship in Poland led by Pilsudski.
  • 1929: Dictatorship in Yugoslavia led by Alexander I.
  • 1932: Dictatorship in Portugal led by Salazar.
  • 1933: Dictatorship in Germany led by Hitler; Dictatorship in Austria led by Dollfuss.
  • 1936: Dictatorship in Greece led by Metaxas.
  • 1939: Dictatorship in Spain led by Franco.

The Road to World War II

  • 1931: Japan occupies Manchuria.
  • 1933: Hitler elected German Chancellor.
  • 1935: Italy invades Ethiopia.
  • 1936: Rome-Berlin Axis; Anti-Comintern Pact; Germany remilitarizes the Rhineland.
  • 1938: Germany annexes Austria and the Sudetenland; Munich Conference.
  • 1939: Germany annexes the rest of Czechoslovakia; Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact; Germany invades Poland.

Europe in 1942 and the Global Conflict

1940

  • May: Germany occupies the Netherlands and Belgium.
  • June: Germany occupies Paris; Vichy regime.
  • July: Start of the Battle of Britain.
  • October: Italy invades Greece.

1941

  • June: Germany invades the USSR.
  • December: Japan attacks Pearl Harbor; United States enters the war.

1942

The Allied Offensives (1942–1945)

  • 1942: Battle of Midway; Battle of El Alamein.
  • 1943: Battle of Stalingrad; Allied invasion of Italy; Battle of Guadalcanal.
  • 1944: Normandy landings.
  • 1945: Soviet occupation of Berlin; Atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki; Japanese surrender.

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