Autarky: A situation where a country is isolated from international trade, seeking to consume only what it produces and protecting its production by creating barriers to foreign trade.
Sustainable Development: Development that meets present needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
Endogenous Cost: A cost that originates or arises from within a system.
Exogenous Cost: A cost that originates from an external source.
Business and Location Factors
Industrial Relocation: When a company transfers all or part of its production to other locations for maximum benefit.
Agglomeration Economies: Benefits a company gains by locating close to others and establishing a network of external relations.
Economies of Scale: A corporate organization structure where profits increase as production increases, leading to a decrease in the cost per unit.
Holding Company: A company that controls the activities of different sectors through the acquisition of all or most of their shares.
Multinational or Transnational Companies: Companies from one country that conduct business in different countries.
Innovation and Industry Structure
I + D + i (R&D&i): Research (original research planned for new knowledge) + Development (application of research results) + Technological Innovation (activity resulting in a technological breakthrough in the development of new products).
Industry Base: The set of facilities for the transformation of raw materials into other products of higher value.
Technology Parks: Concentrated spaces for companies focused on research and technological development, located in well-communicated areas.
Energy Definitions
E. Thermal (Steam): Burning oil or coal to produce steam, which moves turbines.
E. Nuclear Fission: The rupture of heavy atoms (like uranium) to release heat, which heats water into steam to move turbines.
Historical and Regional Economic Policies (Spain)
Spanish Economic Agencies and Plans
INI (Instituto Nacional de Industria): A state agency created to manage businesses, promoting economic and industrial development during the autarky period under the Franco regime.
National Economic Stabilization Plan: The basic objective was to establish the foundations for a new stage of economic development and seek greater integration of Spanish industry.
Poles of Development: An instrument of economic stabilization plans through which Franco sought assistance by promoting industrialization in different areas.
ZUR (Zona de Urgente Reindustrialización): Stands for Urgent Redevelopment Area, created to address the remediation of former industrial regions, aiming to maintain existing levels in declining areas.
Urban and Industrial Planning
Polígono (Industrial Estate): An urban space in the suburbs designated for installing industries.
Industrial Restructuring: Processes and policies carried out for the adaptation of industrial production to new market demands, often leading to mechanization and specialization.
Resource Classification
E. Non-renewable: Resources generated over geologic time, not on a human scale of time.
E. Renewable: Resources that can be replaced through natural processes or human intervention.
