Industrial Revolution and the Modern Enterprise: Cartels, Trusts, and Mass Production

The Modern Enterprise

The modern enterprise: sn + ls mrca2 grands, and ay + gnt q to q tb ay + vndr and comptncia. Ay new tecnologias applied to a sto fabricas. Debido ls, ls empresas ncsitan new U.S. Estrategias organizarse. En xa ay 3 instituciones q ls will help to empresas: CompTIA, d mercancias bags, the mercado d valores and prensa and telegrafo (mu xa imxtants financial institution). Ls tranxts aumntal the rvo d margen, rducn d beneficio ls xq s stocks.

How Does Distribution Work?

Ants d 1870 l terms industry where product is to have majority sta vnd to 1 retailer last qx what client. El 1870 vnd the industry (competing with empresas) s announces (s distinguishes d OTRS products marketing), l vl client pid ad s what the retailer and wholesaler st. Advertising s 1st BC in 1920 dsaparcn ls EEUU. En wholesalers, empresas vndn dirctamnt to cran ls ls ys retail clients large scala. Xa large scala the 1st distribution and low precios tien q production on April 1 with 1 mano d + a cheap, prduccion in cDNA, products iwals.

Flexible Specialization Versus Mass Production

S of the 1st production flexible spcializacion d q are lots pqños dirct high media classaqs + is more expensive and produce + variedad. Si s get cheap, q ac comptn bajner precios ls.

Three New Commercial Strategies

Ay 3 new estrategias comerciales:

1. Combinacion horizontal: cartel and consortium.
2. Integracion vertical.
3. Integracion horizontal.

Producen q 1 varias empresas same, signature 1 agreement precios l ls s repartn comercio (cartel). Cartel consortium xo in s 1 d vz set repartn ls ls precios s beneficios. 2 La empresa intenta control the motherland desde producion mast production premium xa empresas s final. 3 Varias merge aumentar l podr mercado. S diferencia dl 1 dl 1 sn muxas XQL empresas and the 1st big empresa aki s US Mayors empresas aki stan ls dl mundo.

Pasan x 1 periodo d cartel and consortium, which was acia qs ks gobernaba board to d 1A d traves shareholders (trust or holding, k were the 1st company gobernar sas empresas xa). A finals dl pro dcid government xix l century ibira dl ls trust and early 20th century sociedad anonima. Integracion vertical degree d s high mu, half were empresas d ls ls rudimentarias. Todas d tabacaleras were integracion vertical, 82% petroleras.

Empresas en Gran Bretana

GB ls empresas sn + q pequeñas ls d ls d EEUU sn xo + k Europa. No tien grands d produccion. S plantol librecambismo, control was not competitivo mu s ncsitaba monopolizar. Va to Apr cartel, even xo + d asociaciones comercio (trade associations). Empresas ls 1 cartel-tienne agresivo.

Joshua and Large Mergers

Joshua d ay 1 large numero empresas fusiones d. Ls coxs debido aks modelos will make diferentes sr + expensive. S invested in investigacion. Ls empresas + sn imxtants the quimica, electrica, siderurgica and farmaceutica. Va to Apr muxo cartel.

Japan's Industrialization

Japon ants d 1850 was 1 mu poco desarrollado country shortly industrializado, cm to 2 ls boats paises asiaticos. Al llegar americanos xa industrialize, and begins acepta Japon comercio l, k eral the emperador not tenia Podr, sus señores d ls residia in the nineteenth century war. El mediados ubo 1 change of political and emperador recupro todo. El fast emperador modernizal country, brings empresarios extranjeros, ac 1 ivrsidads, samurai .. ls (ls señores d war) in exchange dl Podr recibin 1 dinero. In 1880 l state will poner 1 large numero d empresas public to purchase venta. Estas empresas lsn ls ls samurais and grands comerciantes, hese s denominan daymios.

Ambos d cran the 1st new industrial aristocracy, k sn grands comerciales groups k stan zaibatsus very prestigiosos l tate. Japon necesita 1 mercado interior and most exterior xq s d the farm population ay not demanda. Ls zaibatsus very diversifica2 going to star, will holding xo sr cm 1 grand. Ls que empresas TNR will muxo exito xq and xq invertir in the organization tecnologia mu s good.

Japan has no source d energia (no carbon and petroleo). 1 ico what tiene sn muxos bosques k, s DCIR vegetal carbon, x s pro exploit Ibio bosks ls. En 60% capital 1930 l sta invertido controlled it in the industry were only 3 zaibatsus: Mitsui, Sumitomo, Mitsubishi. 1960 s gives the 1st industrial potencia world dl.

Market of Labor and Work Organization

Del mercado dl work and work organization: introducen s new production mto 2 xq d d ay gestion new machines tuned empresarios quieren ls obreros especializa2 end, ending quieren tb subcontracting. D as new production in the USA (dl 100 tifica work organization). Gestiona s production from rendimiento dl obrero dl, d l the time machines tuned QS ncsita. Midnl k takes 1 time in producing 1 coche obrero xa latest - and produce +. Encarga2 d ls the work gestion dl sn ls q sto control, ants controlled it ls capataces.

Taylorismo and Fordismo

Ay organization dl d 2 variants work: 1 Taylorismo and 2 Fordismo.

1. Taylorismo: On foreman in 1a empresa d acero, s changed to asesor empresa d, q cronometrara to observa to 2 ls trabajadores and their movimientos. El downtime and breaks ls ls replaced x 1 descanso establecido.
2. Fordismo: In 1a manufactures the introduction automoviles line d d ensamblaje (the move d obrero s not your site, tien yl rate movements establecido ls). Aumentar production will muxo, 1913 l s 1 coche took 12 to join the following year 1 and was going to flood d media. La cheap coches fiables.