Global Population Dynamics and Economic Sectors

Rural and Urban Demographics

Rural Areas: The population density is low, houses are isolated from each other, and the population is mainly engaged in working the land.

Public Space: The population density is high, the houses are close together, and the population is engaged in industrial, commercial, and service sectors.

Factors Influencing Population Distribution

Physical Factors

• Climate: Low temperatures, aridity, and constant moist heat can limit settlement.
• Altitude: Since there is a limit above which life is made difficult by the lack of oxygen, the population tends to cluster in areas near the sea.
• Terrain: While mountains are challenging places to settle, valleys and plains encourage agricultural, industrial, and commercial activities.
• Water: The availability of drinking water.

Historical and Political Factors

• The process of occupation of the territory.
• Land ownership.
• Population policies, such as birth control, the entry of foreigners, etc.

Economic Factors

• Presence of natural resources.
• Industrial activity.
• Ease of communication.
• Proximity to the sea.

World Population Growth

Since 1950, the world population has doubled, and now the number is around 6,000 million (6 billion) inhabitants. In this sense, population growth is of global concern. However, this growth is not homogeneous; there are periods of decline and/or increase, which, in turn, have also shifted across different geographical areas.

Types of Population

Internal Population: This consists of those who live permanently in the area and conduct all their business activities within it.

External Population: Represented by those visiting temporarily.

Migration

Migration refers to any displacement of the population (human or animal) that is produced from a place of origin to another destination and brings a change of habitual residence in the case of individuals, or habitat in the case of migratory species.

Economic Sectors of the Workforce

• Primary Sector (I): The population employed in economic activities of agriculture, livestock, forestry, hunting, fishing, and the exploitation of mines and hydrocarbons.
• Secondary Sector (II): The population engaged in industrial activities, namely manufacturing, construction, electricity, gas, water, etc.
• Tertiary Sector (III): The population engaged in commercial activities, transportation, and general services, both public and private.