Global Climate Zones and Natural Vegetation Patterns

Warm Climates

• Equatorial: High temperatures year-round (avg 25°C). Abundant precipitation (+2000 mm/year). No dry season.
• Tropical Rainforest: High temperatures (avg +20°C). Abundant rainfall (less than 2000mm) with distinct wet and dry seasons.
• Tropical Dry: Warm summers, mild winters (avg 18°C). Low precipitation (+250mm) with a long dry season.
• Desert Climate: High temperature variance between day and night (avg +20°C). Very low rainfall (-250mm).

Cold Climates

• Polar: Consistently cold (below 0°C). Less than 250mm precipitation, primarily as snow.
• High Mountain: Temperature decreases with altitude. Cold winters and cool summers. Precipitation increases with height, often falling as snow.

Temperate Climates

• Mediterranean: Mild winters, warm summers (avg 10°C–20°C). Rainfall in winter, spring, and autumn; dry summers (300–1000mm).
• Chinese: Similar to Mediterranean but with year-round rainfall, peaking in summer (+1000mm annually).
• Oceanic: Cool summers, mild winters (avg 10°C–18°C). Rainfall throughout the year (+1000mm).
• Continental: Very cold winters, hot summers (avg 0°C–10°C). Annual rainfall between 300mm and 1000mm.

Natural Resources and Vegetation

Warm Zone

• Equatorial: Dense, lush jungle arranged in layers.
• Tropical: Savannah with grasses reaching 1m to 2m.
• Desert: Sparse grasses and thorny bushes.

Temperate Zone

• Mediterranean: Forests of oak, cork oak, and pine.
• Continental: Coniferous forests or taiga.
• Oceanic: Large deciduous trees.
• Chinese: Grasslands similar to warm climates.

Cold Zone

• Mountain: Stratified vegetation levels ranging from shrubs and bushes to herbs at the summit.
• Polar: Tundra consisting of lichens, mosses, and dwarf scrub.

Age Pyramids

1. Profile: Type of pyramid (pagoda, bulb, bell, or ace of spades). Analyzes birth rate, mortality, and population development trends.
2. Structure by Sex: Compares male and female populations. Notes that more boys are born, but women often have higher life expectancy.
3. Structure by Age: Analyzes the base, central sections, and apex of the pyramid to determine age distribution.
4. Demographic Flow: Analysis of incoming and outgoing population factors.