Fundamental Principles of Art and Design

Different Types of Shapes

• Amorphous: Vague shapes with indeterminate edges.
• Geometric: Mathematical shapes.
• Biomorphic: Shapes that resemble life forms.
• Planar: Shapes on a 2D surface designed to appear 3D.
• Equivocal: Ambiguous shapes where mass or volume is uncertain.

Different Types of Printing Processes

• Woodcut Relief: A traditional relief printing method.
• Intaglio: Engraving or cutting into a surface; ink is printed from areas below the surface.
• Lithography: The image is printed from a flat surface.
• Screen Printing: Creating an image by pressing ink through a screen with areas blocked by a stencil.

How Light Interacts with Objects

• Highlight: The brightest part where light hits the object.
• Shadow: The dark part of the object facing away from the light.
• Cast Shadow: The shadow projected by an object illuminated by a light source.
• Shallow Space: A 2D flat space that may have width and density but contains limited depth.

Different Types of Texture

• Actual: Real, physical texture.
• Papier Collé: Scraps of paper pasted to a surface.
• Collage: Artwork using various types of materials.
• Assemblage: 3D artwork created by combining objects.
• Simulated: Surface area that looks real but is not.
• Abstract: Simplified texture.
• Invented: Textures that do not simulate any existing surface.

Color Wheel and Compositional Schemes

Color Theory Fundamentals

• Additive: Colors created by superimposing light rays.
• Subtractive: Wavelengths of light reflected off an object; the color we see is the reflected wavelength.
• Chroma: A color at its most intense.

Color Classifications

• Primary Colors: Base colors (yellow, blue, red).
• Secondary Colors: Mixtures of base colors.
• Intermediate Colors: Mixtures of a primary color and a neighboring secondary color.
• Tertiary Colors: Colors made by mixing three primary colors.

Color Schemes

• Analogous Colors: Colors closely related in hue.
• Monochromatic: A scheme using the complete range of value for one hue.
• Complementary Colors: Two colors directly opposite on the color wheel, creating high contrast.
• Split Complements: A primary color and the secondary neighboring intermediate colors.
• Color Triad: Three colors spaced at equal distances on the color wheel.
• Color Tetrad: Four colors equally spaced, containing a primary, its complement, and a complementary pair of intermediates.