Essential Research Methodology and APA Style Principles

Research Methodology Concepts

Defining Types of Research

1. Consists of experimental or theoretical work undertaken primarily to obtain new knowledge about the foundations of phenomena and observable facts, without considering any particular application or use.

   Answer: Basic Research

2. Consists of original work undertaken to acquire new knowledge; however, it is directed primarily towards a specific practical purpose.

   Answer: Applied Research

3. The term R&D (Research and Development) is identified with the term R&D, as used in the text The Social Science Research: Practical Suggestions on the Process by Raimundo Abello Llanos.

Formulating the Research Problem

4. Addressing social reality scientifically requires the researcher to ensure:

   Answer: Intersubjectivity

5. These are the questions that research aims to answer to explain the related problem:

   Answer: Research Questions

6. The justification relates to the reasons for conducting an investigation and must account for the following criteria:

   • Convenience
   • Social Relevance
   • Practical Implications
   • Theoretical Value

7. The theoretical value of research can satisfactorily answer the question:

   Answer: Does it manage to fill a knowledge gap at the national or international level?

8. This is mainly based on primary data derived from a closer look at reality and involves:

   Answer: The Research Problem

9. Clarity in formulating the research problem provides sufficient data to:

   Answer: Specify the objectives and hypotheses

10. The problem statement must meet the following requirements:

    • It must express a relationship between two or more variables.
    • It should be clearly formulated.
    • It must involve the possibility of subjecting it to empirical testing.
    • It must be clearly justified to validate its relevance as research.

11. To delve into the research topic, it is necessary to review previous studies, research, and work. This helps to:

    • Avoid researching a topic that has already been thoroughly studied.
    • Structure the formal research idea.
    • Select the primary theoretical perspective for addressing the research idea.

APA Style and Citation Rules

Key APA Citation Standards

1. The citation levels defined by the APA are:

   Answer: Three (Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary)

2. Regarding the use of indentation, the APA states:

   Answer: The first paragraph should not be indented; subsequent paragraphs should be indented.

3. A block quote (long or extensive quote) is defined as one that:

   Answer: Has 40 words or more

4. Regarding the use of numbers, it is correct to state that:

   Answer: When typing a number associated with a unit of measurement (between 1 and 9), write the number as a numeral and its corresponding unit of measurement (e.g., 5 cm).

5. A secondary citation is one that:

   Answer: Presents the idea of an author found in a work reviewed by a different author (source).

6. The use of tables and figures requires them to:

   • Be numbered sequentially.
   • Be designated by the word Note (used below the figure/table).
   • Complement the text.
   • Classify the text data.

7. When the author and year are cited narratively in the text (e.g., Smith, 2020):

   Answer: No comma is needed between the author and the year.

8. The following citation structure: Classical conditioning has many practical applications (Watson, 1940, as cited in Lazarus, 1982), exemplifies a:

   Answer: Secondary Citation

9. A corporate author refers to:

   Answer: An organization, institution, or group