Essential Latin Vocabulary: Words, Forms, and Derivatives
Latin Nouns
| Decl. | Nominative Sg. | Genitive Sg. | Gender | Definition | Derivative(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2nd | Amicus | Amicī | M | Friend | Amicable, amiable |
| 1st | Ancilla | Ancillae | F | Slave-woman | Ancillary |
| 2nd | Atrium | Atriī | N | Reception hall, main room | Atrium, atrial |
| 1st | Barba | Barbae | F | Beard | Barber |
| 3rd | Canis | Canis | M/F | Dog | Canine |
| 1st | Cena | Cenae | F | Dinner | — |
| 2nd | Cibus | Cibī | M | Food | — |
| 2nd | Compluvium | Compluviī | N | A large square opening in the roof of an atrium | — |
| 2nd | Coquus | Coquī | M | Cook | (Concoct) |
| 2nd | Cubiculum | Cubiculī | N | Bedroom | Cubicle |
| 1st | Culina | Culinae | F | Kitchen | Culinary |
| 2nd | Dominus | Dominī | M | Master | Dominate, dominion |
| 3rd | Faucēs | Faucium | F | Entrance hall (lit. “jaws”) | Fauces, faucial |
| 2nd | Filius | Filiī | M | Son | Filial |
| 2nd | Forum | Forī | N | Forum | Forum |
| 2nd | Hortus | Hortī | M | Garden | Horticulture |
| 1st | Ianua | Ianuae | F | Door | (Janus, January) |
| 2nd | Impluvium | Impluviī | N | A marble-lined shallow rectangular pool | Impluvium |
| 1st | Insula | Insulae | F | Apartment building, island | Peninsula, insulate |
| 2nd | Lararium | Larariī | N | Shrine of the household gods | — |
| 1st | Latrina | Latrinae | F | Lavatory, bathroom | Latrine |
| 2nd | Lectus | Lectī | M | Bed, couch | Lectern |
| 3rd | Leō | Leonis | M | Lion | Leo, leonine |
| 1st | Lingua | Linguae | F | Tongue, language | Bilingual, linguistics |
| 3rd | Mater | Matris | F | Mother | Maternal, maternity |
| 1st | Mensa | Mensae | F | Table | Mesa |
| 3rd | Mercator | Mercatoris | M | Merchant | Merchandise, commerce |
| 3rd | Navis | Navis | F | Ship | Naval, navy |
| 3rd | Pater | Patris | M | Father | Paternal, paternity |
| 1st | Pecunia | Pecuniae | F | Money | Pecuniary, impecunious |
| 2nd | Peristylium | Peristyliī | N | Garden court | Peristyle |
| 3rd | Pestis | Pestis | F | Pest | Pest, pestilence |
| 1st | Poeta | Poetae | M | Poet | Poet, poetry, poetic |
| 4th | Portus | Portūs | M | Harbor | Port |
| 3rd | Sanguis | Sanguinis | M | Blood | Sanguine |
| 3rd | Senex | Senis | M | Old man | Senile, senior |
| 2nd | Servus | Servī | M | Slave | Servitude (serf) |
| 1st | Taberna | Tabernae | F | Shop | Tavern |
| 2nd | Tablinum | Tablinī | N | Study | — |
| 2nd | Triclinium | Tricliniī | N | Dining room | — |
| 1st | Via | Viae | F | Street, road | Via, viaduct (deviate) |
| 1st | Villa | Villae | F | Country house | Villa |
| 2nd | Vinum | Vinī | N | Wine | Vine, vineyard |
Latin Adjectives
| Decl. | Nom. Sg. Masc. | Nom. Sg. Fem. | Nom. Sg. Neut. | Definition | Derivative(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st/2nd | Bonus | Bona | Bonum | Good | Bonus, bonanza |
| 1st/2nd | Contentus | Contenta | Contentum | Satisfied | Content |
| 3rd | Fortis | Fortis | Forte | Strong, brave | Fortify, fort |
| 1st/2nd | Iratus | Irata | Iratum | Angry | Irate |
| 1st/2nd | Laetus | Laeta | Laetum | Happy | — |
| 1st/2nd | Magnus | Magna | Magnum | Great, big, large | Magnify, magnate |
| 1st/2nd | Multus | Multa | Multum | Much, many | Multiply, multi- |
| 1st/2nd | Optimus | Optima | Optimum | Best, excellent, very good | Optimist, optimal |
| 1st/2nd | Paratus | Parata | Paratum | Prepared | Preparatory |
| 1st/2nd | Perterritus | Perterrita | Perterritum | Terrified, frightened | — |
| 1st/2nd | Pulcher | Pulchra | Pulchrum | Pretty, beautiful, handsome | Pulchritudinous |
Latin Verbs
| Conj. | Pres. 1st Sg. | Infinitive | Definition | Derivative(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3rd | Agō | Agere | To do, to drive | Agent, actor, action |
| 1st | Ambulō | Ambulāre | To walk | Ambulatory, ambulance |
| 4th | Aperiō | Aperīre | To open | Aperture |
| 4th | Audiō | Audīre | To hear, to listen to | Audible, auditory, audio, audition |
| 1st | Cenō | Cenāre | To dine, to eat dinner | — |
| 1st | Clamō | Clamāre | To shout | Clamant, exclamatory |
| 3rd | Coquō | Coquere | To cook | (Concoction, concoct) |
| 4th | Dormiō | Dormīre | To sleep | Dormitory, dormant |
| 3rd | Ducō | Ducere | To lead | Duct, conduct, aqueduct |
| Irreg. | Exeō | Exīre | To go out | Exit |
| 1st | Exspectō | Exspectāre | To wait for | Expect, expectation |
| 1st | Gustō | Gustāre | To taste | Disgust, degustation |
| 2nd | Habeō | Habēre | To have | — |
| 1st | Intrō | Intrāre | To enter | (Entrance) |
| 1st | Laborō | Laborāre | To work | Labor, laborious |
| 1st | Laudō | Laudāre | To praise | Laudable |
| 3rd | Petō | Petere | To seek, to head for, to look for, to attack | Petition |
| 1st | Portō | Portāre | To carry | Portable, transport |
| 2nd | Respondeō | Respondēre | To reply | Respond, response |
| 2nd | Rideō | Ridēre | To laugh, to smile | Ridicule |
| 1st | Salutō | Salutāre | To greet | Salute, salutation |
| 3rd | Scribō | Scribere | To write | Scribe, scribble, script |
| 2nd | Sedeō | Sedēre | To sit | Sedentary |
| 1st | Spectō | Spectāre | To watch, to look at | Spectator |
| 1st | Stō | Stāre | To stand | Stable, static |
| Irreg. | Sum | Esse | To be | (Future) |
| 2nd | Teneō | Tenēre | To hold | Retain, retention, tension |
| 4th | Veniō | Venīre | To come | Venture |
| 2nd | Videō | Vidēre | To see | Video, visible, vision |
| 1st | Vocō | Vocāre | To call | Vocation, vocative |
Latin Adverbs
| Latin Word | Definition |
|---|---|
| Ferociter | Fiercely |
| Intentē | Intently |
| Mox | Soon |
| Non | Not |
| Quoque | Also |
Latin Conjunctions
| Latin Word | Definition |
|---|---|
| Et | And |
| Sed | But |
Latin Prepositions
| Latin Word | + Case | Definition |
|---|---|---|
| Ad | Acc. | To, toward, at |
| Ē / ex | Abl. | Out of, from |
| In | Abl. / Acc. | In, on / into, onto |
| Prope | Acc. | Near |
Other Vocabulary
| Latin Word | Definition |
|---|---|
| Ecce | Look! |
| Eheu | Alas! |
| Inquit | He/she says/said |
| Satis | Enough |
Latin Sententiae (Mottoes and Phrases)
| Latin Phrase | Definition / Meaning |
|---|---|
| Ad infinitum | To infinity |
| Ad libitum | At one’s pleasure (ad-lib) |
| Ad nauseam | To the point of seasickness / disgust |
| Ars longa, vita brevis | Art is long, life is short |
| Ē pluribus unum | Out of many, one |
| Carpe diem | Seize the day |
| Cavē canem | Beware of the dog |
| Notā bene | Note well (N.B.) |
| Tempus fugit | Time flees / flies |